Abstract:
A method is disclosed with provides stable growth of SiC single crystals, particularly 4H—SiC single crystals, with an effective crystal growth rate for a prolonged time even at a low temperature range of 2000° C. or lower. A raw material containing Si, Ti and Ni is charged into a crucible made of graphite and heat-melted to obtain a solvent. At the same time, C is dissolved out from the crucible into the solvent to obtain a melt. A SiC seed crystal substrate is then brought into contact with the melt such that SiC is supersaturated in the melt in the vicinity of the surface of the SiC seed crystal substrate, thereby allowing growth and production of an SiC single crystal on the SiC seed crystal substrate.
Abstract:
A steel sheet for containers that has excellent film adhesion qualities, and has; a chemical conversion coating formed by immersing or subjecting to electrolytic treatment a steel sheet in a solution containing Zr ions, F ions, with adhesion amount of 0.1 to 100 mg/m2 for metal Zr and no more than 0.1 mg/m2 for F; and a hydroxyl acid treatment layer formed on the chemical conversion coating, the layer having a C adhesion amount of 0.05 to 50 mg/m2.
Abstract:
Provided are an apparatus for continuous electrolytic treatment of a steel sheet that is suitable for producing a surface-treated steel sheet and a method for producing the surface-treated steel sheet using the apparatus for continuous electrolytic treatment of a steel sheet. The apparatus includes N pairs of tabular electrodes having a length L and being arranged to respectively face two surfaces of a steel sheet. Each electrode includes n sections arranged in the longitudinal direction of the electrode and disposed on the surface of the electrode facing the steel sheet surface. Each section is constituted by a conductive portion including an electrode portion having a length T1 and a nonconductive portion made by making an electrode portion having a length T2 nonconductive, where n×N≧10, 0.96≧T2/(T1+T2)≧0.05, and 0.9≧T1/L≧0.1.