摘要:
Particulate filters for reducing NOx and particulate matter in diesel exhaust and methods for forming the same are disclosed. In one embodiment, a particulate filter may include a honeycomb body with a plurality of channel walls extending from an inlet end to an outlet end. At least a first set of the channels are plugged proximate at least one of the inlet end or the outlet end. A filter zone may extend from the inlet end in an axial direction of the particulate filter. A DeNOx zone may be located downstream of the filter zone. The channel walls of the particulate filter may include a DeNOx functional catalyst in the DeNOx zone and a ratio of the permeability κfz of the channel walls in the filter zone to the permeability κDz of the channel walls in the DeNOx zone (κfz:κDz) is at least 2.
摘要:
Particulate filters for reducing NOx and particulate matter in diesel exhaust and methods for forming the same are disclosed. In one embodiment, a particulate filter may include a honeycomb body with a plurality of channel walls extending from an inlet end to an outlet end. At least a first set of the channels are plugged proximate at least one of the inlet end or the outlet end. A filter zone may extend from the inlet end in an axial direction of the particulate filter. A DeNOx zone may be located downstream of the filter zone. The channel walls of the particulate filter may include a DeNOx functional catalyst in the DeNOx zone and a ratio of the permeability κfz of the channel walls in the filter zone to the permeability κDz of the channel walls in the DeNOx zone (κfz:κDz) is at least 2.
摘要:
Mass based methods and systems for estimating soot load in a filter of an after-treatment system for exhaust stream are provided. The after-treatment system can comprise a sensor, a filter, and a processor configured to estimate soot load in the filter based on a mass based multi-layer model. An example system includes a virtual sensor comprising an estimator for providing information corresponding to a filter outlet NO2 concentration. An example method includes the steps of providing the mass based multi-layer model, passing the exhaust stream through the filter, and using the sensor to monitor a condition of the exhaust stream. The example method further includes the steps of calculating a total regeneration rate based on the multi-layer model by solving a second-order ordinary differential equation with a plurality of parameters using an analytical approach, and estimating the soot load based on the calculated total regeneration rate.
摘要:
Mass based methods and systems for estimating soot load in a filter of an after-treatment system for exhaust stream are provided. The after-treatment system can comprise a sensor, a filter, and a processor configured to estimate soot load in the filter based on a mass based multi-layer model. An example system includes a virtual sensor comprising an estimator for providing information corresponding to a filter outlet NO2 concentration. An example method includes the steps of providing the mass based multi-layer model, passing the exhaust stream through the filter, and using the sensor to monitor a condition of the exhaust stream. The example method further includes the steps of calculating a total regeneration rate based on the multi-layer model by solving a second-order ordinary differential equation with a plurality of parameters using an analytical approach, and estimating the soot load based on the calculated total regeneration rate.
摘要:
The present invention relates to compounds and compositions useful for inhibiting and/or reducing platelet deposition, adhesion and/or aggregation. The present invention further relates to methods for the treatment or prophylaxis of thrombotic disorders, including stroke, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, peripheral vascular disease, abrupt closure following angioplasty or stent placement and thrombosis as a result of vascular surgery.
摘要:
An adjustable hydraulic horizontal jack including a frame, a hydraulic unit, a jib unit, link rods, and a handle. Here, the structures of the jib and the link rod(s) are improved according to an embodiment. With the improved structures, the jack has rational structures and can act reliably. In addition, under the parameters equivalent to those of conventional hydraulic horizontal jacks, the jack of an embodiment of the present invention can change the height of the lowest position and the load by adjusting the length of the jib and link rods. Therefore, the jack is adapted to jacking up not only a light automobile with a low chassis but also a heavy automobile with a high chassis, thus having a wider scope of application.
摘要:
Methods and apparatus for microwave drying of green cellular ceramic bodies (logs) using feedback and feed forward control are disclosed. The methods include measuring an amount of dissipated microwave power and measuring temperatures of the logs and inputting this information into a drying model. The drying model accounts for at least a heat capacitance, a water content and a mass of the logs, and relates changes in the dissipated microwave power to changes in the log temperature. The changes in microwave power generated by the adjustable microwave source are thus based on the calculated dissipated power changes.
摘要:
O-linked pyrimidin-4-amine-based compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising them, and methods of their use are described. Particular compounds of the invention are of formula I: