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    Electrochemical devices incorporating high-conductivity conjugated polymers
    1.
    发明授权
    Electrochemical devices incorporating high-conductivity conjugated polymers 失效
    掺有高导电性共轭聚合物的电化学装置

    公开(公告)号：US06982514B1

    公开(公告)日：2006-01-03

    申请号：US09863808

    申请日：2001-05-22

    申请人： Wen Lu ,  Elisabeth Smela ,  Benjamin R. Mattes ,  Philip N. Adams ,  Guido Zuccarello

    发明人： Wen Lu ,  Elisabeth Smela ,  Benjamin R. Mattes ,  Philip N. Adams ,  Guido Zuccarello

    IPC分类号： H02N11/00 ,  H02N2/00

    CPC分类号： F03G7/005 ,  H01B1/127 ,  H01B1/128 ,  H02N11/006 ,  Y10S310/80

    摘要： The present invention includes the preparation of highly conducting conjugated polymers and their use as electrochemical actuators, A typical electrochemical actuator comprises a highly conducting, conjugated polymer for the anode or the cathode, or for both the anode and the cathode; suitable conjugate polymers have a conductivity ≧100 S/cm. The material may have any form, including films and fibers. A preferred shape is a strip or a fiber, where the fiber can be solid or hollow, although any shape may be used. Before use, the material may be treated, for example, by immersion in an acid, in order to dope/protonate the material or to introduce anions or to exchange the anion in the polymer for another anion. Other materials may be incorporated in the polyaniline to increase its conductivity or to provide other benefits, such as increased strength. Useful conducting polymers include monomers of anilines, pyrroles, thiophenes, phenylene vinylenes, and derivatives thereof.

    摘要翻译： 本发明包括制备高导电性共轭聚合物及其作为电化学致动器的用途。典型的电化学致动器包括用于阳极或阴极或阳极和阴极的高导电共轭聚合物; 合适的共轭聚合物的导电率> 100S / cm。 该材料可以具有任何形式，包括膜和纤维。 优选的形状是条或纤维，其中纤维可以是固体或中空的，尽管可以使用任何形状。 在使用之前，可以例如通过浸入酸中来处理材料，以便掺杂或质子化材料或引入阴离子或交换聚合物中的阴离子用于另一种阴离子。 可以将其它材料引入聚苯胺中以增加其导电性或提供其它益处，例如增加的强度。 有用的导电聚合物包括苯胺，吡咯，噻吩，亚苯基乙烯基单体及其衍生物。

    Solid-in-hollow polymer fiber electrochemical devices
    2.
    发明授权
    Solid-in-hollow polymer fiber electrochemical devices 失效
    固体中空聚合物纤维电化学装置

    公开(公告)号：US07288871B1

    公开(公告)日：2007-10-30

    申请号：US10886001

    申请日：2004-07-06

    申请人： Wen Lu ,  Elisabeth Smela ,  Phillip N. Adams ,  Guido Zuccarello ,  Benjamin R. Mattes

    发明人： Wen Lu ,  Elisabeth Smela ,  Phillip N. Adams ,  Guido Zuccarello ,  Benjamin R. Mattes

    IPC分类号： H02N11/00 ,  B32B23/00

    CPC分类号： H02N11/006 ,  Y10T428/2929 ,  Y10T428/2933 ,  Y10T428/2965

    摘要： A linear electrochemical actuator is described where at least one electrically conductive (between 400 and 1000 S/cm), doped polyaniline solid fiber or a yarn produced from such fibers is disposed in an electrolyte inside of a electrically conductive polyaniline hollow fiber, thereby allowing 2-electrode operation without a metal backing. This is an example of the electrochemical devices of the present invention having a solid-in-hollow polymer fiber configuration. In a propylene carbonate electrolyte, the electrochemical and actuation behavior of the fibers was found to be influenced by the solubility and size of the polymer dopants. That is, solubility of the dopant in the electrolyte resulted in high electroactivity and strain in the fibers. Actuation of fibers was also affected by electrolyte anions, small anions resulting in anion-exchange dominated actuation, while large anions resulted in cation-exchange dominated actuation. Isotonic strains of 0.9% and isometric stresses of 0.9 MPa were realized for the solid-in-hollow polyaniline fiber actuators.

    摘要翻译： 描述了线性电化学致动器，其中至少一种导电（在400和1000S / cm）掺杂的聚苯胺固体纤维或由这种纤维产生的纱线设置在导电聚苯胺中空纤维内部的电解质中，从而允许2 - 没有金属背衬的电极操作。 这是具有中空聚合物纤维结构的本发明的电化学装置的实例。 在碳酸亚丙酯电解质中，发现纤维的电化学和致动性受聚合物掺杂剂的溶解度和尺寸的影响。 也就是说，掺杂剂在电解质中的溶解度导致纤维中的高电活性和应变。 纤维的致动也受到电解质阴离子的影响，小的阴离子导致阴离子交换主导致动，而大的阴离子导致阳离子交换主导致动。 对于固体中空聚苯胺纤维致动器，实现了0.9％的等渗应变和0.9MPa的等长应力。

    Membranes having selective permeability
    6.
    发明授权
    Membranes having selective permeability 失效
    具有选择性渗透性的膜

    公开(公告)号：US5096586A

    公开(公告)日：1992-03-17

    申请号：US573950

    申请日：1990-08-28

    申请人： Richard B. Kaner ,  Mark R. Anderson ,  Benjamin R. Mattes ,  Howard Reiss

    发明人： Richard B. Kaner ,  Mark R. Anderson ,  Benjamin R. Mattes ,  Howard Reiss

    IPC分类号： B01D71/60 ,  B01D53/22 ,  B01D67/00 ,  B01D69/02 ,  B01D71/72 ,  H01B1/12

    CPC分类号： B01D67/0093 ,  B01D53/228 ,  B01D69/02 ,  B01D71/72 ,  H01B1/128 ,  Y02C10/10 ,  Y10S264/48 ,  Y10S264/62

    摘要： Dopable, fully dense polymer membranes are used to form membranes having selective permeabilities. To improve selectivity, the membranes may be subjected to chemical or electrochemical treatment with electron donors or acceptors to alter the doping level of the polymer membrane, generally in a reversible fashion. This leads to significant changes in gas permeation rates relative to what is observed for the non-doped, fully dense polymers. This change in doping level of the polymer films can be precisely controlled by varying the concentration and nature of chemical dopants used. Desirable changes in permeation rates are achieved by a treatment which comprises a reversal doping of the polymeric material, followed by removal of the dopants (to provide an "undoped" polymer). Further addition of controlled amounts of at least one dopant species to the undoped polymer by a second, "redoping" procedure can still more dramatically change the permeability of large species, leading to particularly large separation factors.

    摘要翻译： 可掺杂的，完全致密的聚合物膜用于形成具有选择性渗透性的膜。 为了提高选择性，膜可以用电子给体或受体进行化学或电化学处理，以改变聚合物膜的掺杂水平，通常以可逆的方式。 这导致相对于未掺杂的，完全致密的聚合物观察到的气体渗透速率的显着变化。 可以通过改变所用化学掺杂剂的浓度和性质来精确地控制聚合物膜的掺杂水平的这种变化。 渗透速率的期望变化通过包括反向掺杂聚合物材料，然后除去掺杂剂（以提供“未掺杂的”聚合物）的处理来实现。 通过第二个“重做”程序进一步向未掺杂的聚合物添加受控量的至少一种掺杂剂物质仍然可以更大地改变大物种的渗透性，导致特别大的分离因子。

    Method for preparing polyaniline fibers
    9.
    发明授权
    Method for preparing polyaniline fibers 失效
    聚苯胺纤维的制备方法

    公开(公告)号：US06123883A

    公开(公告)日：2000-09-26

    申请号：US334719

    申请日：1999-06-16

    申请人： Benjamin R. Mattes ,  Hsing-Lin Wang

    发明人： Benjamin R. Mattes ,  Hsing-Lin Wang

    IPC分类号： C08J5/18 ,  C08G73/00 ,  C08G73/02 ,  D01F6/26 ,  D01F6/76 ,  H01B1/12 ,  D01D5/06 ,  D01F1/09 ,  D01F6/96

    CPC分类号： C08G73/0266 ,  D01F6/76 ,  H01B1/128

    摘要： Stable, concentrated solutions of high molecular weight polyaniline. In order to process high quality fibers and other articles possessing good mechanical properties, it is known that solution concentrations of the chosen polymer should be in the range from 15-30% (w/w). Moreover, it is desirable to use the highest molecular weight consistent with the solubility properties of the polymer. However, such solutions are inherently unstable, forming gels before processing can be achieved. The present invention describes the addition gel inhibitors (GIs) to the polymer solution, thereby permitting high concentrations (>15% (w/w)) of high molecular weight ((M.sub.w)>120,000, and (M.sub.n)>30,000) emeraldine base (EB) polyaniline to be dissolved. Secondary amines have been used for this purpose in concentrations which are small compared to those which might otherwise be used in a cosolvent role therefor. The resulting solutions are useful for generating excellent fibers, films, coatings and other objects, since the solutions are stable for significant time periods, and the GIs are present in too small concentrations to cause polymer deterioration. It is demonstrated that the GIs found to be useful do not act as cosolvents, and that gelation times of the solutions are directly proportional to the concentration of GI. In particular, there is a preferred concentration of GI, which if exceeded causes structural and electrical conductivity degradation of resulting articles. Heating of the solutions significantly improves solubility.

    摘要翻译： 稳定的高分子量聚苯胺浓缩溶液。 为了处理具有良好机械性能的高品质纤维和其它制品，已知所选聚合物的溶液浓度应在15-30％（w / w）的范围内。 此外，期望使用与聚合物的溶解性质一致的最高分子量。 然而，这种溶液固有地不稳定，可以在加工前形成凝胶。 本发明描述了对聚合物溶液的加成凝胶抑制剂（GI），从而允许高分子量（（Mw）> 120,000和（Mn）> 30,000）翠绿亚胺碱的高浓度（> 15％（w / w） （EB）聚苯胺溶解。 为了这个目的已经使用了仲胺，其浓度与可能用于其共溶剂作用的那些相比，其用量较小。 所得到的溶液可用于产生优异的纤维，膜，涂层和其它物体，因为溶液在相当长的时间内是稳定的，并且GI以太小的浓度存在以引起聚合物劣化。 证明发现有用的GI不能作为共溶剂，溶液的凝胶化时间与GI的浓度成正比。 特别地，存在优选的GI浓度，如果超过，则导致所得制品的结构和电导率降低。 溶液的加热显着提高了溶解度。

    Stable, concentrated solutions of high molecular weight polyaniline and articles therefrom
    10.
    发明授权
    Stable, concentrated solutions of high molecular weight polyaniline and articles therefrom 失效
    稳定的高分子量聚苯胺浓缩溶液及其制品

    公开(公告)号：US5981695A

    公开(公告)日：1999-11-09

    申请号：US926338

    申请日：1997-09-05

    申请人： Benjamin R. Mattes ,  Hsing-Lin Wang

    发明人： Benjamin R. Mattes ,  Hsing-Lin Wang

    IPC分类号： C08J5/18 ,  C08G73/00 ,  C08G73/02 ,  D01F6/26 ,  D01F6/76 ,  H01B1/12 ,  C08J3/00

    CPC分类号： C08G73/0266 ,  D01F6/76 ,  H01B1/128

    摘要： Stable, concentrated solutions of high molecular weight polyaniline. In order to process high quality fibers and other articles possessing good mechanical properties, it is known that solution concentrations of the chosen polymer should be in the range from 15-30% (w/w). Moreover, it is desirable to use the highest molecular weight consistent with the solubility properties of the polymer. However, such solutions are inherently unstable, forming gels before processing can be achieved. The present invention describes the addition gel inhibitors (GIs) to the polymer solution, thereby permitting high concentrations (between 15% and 30% (w/w)) of high molecular weight ((M.sub.w)>120,000, and (M.sub.n)>30,000) emeraldine base (EB) polyaniline to be dissolved. Secondary amines have been used for this purpose in concentrations which are small compared to those which might otherwise be used in a cosolvent role therefor. The resulting solutions are useful for generating excellent fibers, films, coatings and other objects, since the solutions are stable for significant time periods, and the GIs are present in too small concentrations to cause polymer deterioration. It is demonstrated that the GIs found to be useful do not act as cosolvents, and that gelation times of the solutions are directly proportional to the concentration of GI. In particular, there is a preferred concentration of GI, which if exceeded causes structural and electrical conductivity degradation of resulting articles. Heating of the solutions significantly improves solubility.

    摘要翻译： 稳定的高分子量聚苯胺浓缩溶液。 为了处理具有良好机械性能的高质量纤维和其它制品，已知所选聚合物的溶液浓度应在15-30％（w / w）的范围内。 此外，期望使用与聚合物的溶解性质一致的最高分子量。 然而，这种溶液固有地不稳定，可以在加工前形成凝胶。 本发明描述了对聚合物溶液的添加凝胶抑制剂（GI），从而允许高分子量（（Mw）> 120,000和（Mn）> 30,000的高浓度（15％至30％（w / w） ）翠绿碱（EB）聚苯胺溶解。 为了这个目的已经使用了仲胺，其浓度与可能用于其共溶剂作用的那些相比，其用量较小。 所得到的溶液可用于产生优异的纤维，膜，涂层和其它物体，因为溶液在相当长的时间内是稳定的，并且GI以太小的浓度存在以引起聚合物劣化。 证明发现有用的GI不能作为共溶剂，溶液的凝胶化时间与GI的浓度成正比。 特别地，存在优选的GI浓度，如果超过，则导致所得制品的结构和电导率降低。 溶液的加热显着提高了溶解度。