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26 条记录 (耗时 0.081 秒)

    Methods for sulfate removal in liquid-phase catalytic hydrothermal gasification of biomass
    5.
    发明授权
    Methods for sulfate removal in liquid-phase catalytic hydrothermal gasification of biomass 有权
    生物质液相催化水热气化硫酸盐去除方法

    公开(公告)号：US08608981B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-12-17

    申请号：US13541003

    申请日：2012-07-03

    申请人： Douglas C. Elliott ,  James Oyler

    发明人： Douglas C. Elliott ,  James Oyler

    IPC分类号： C01B3/38 ,  C01B3/24

    CPC分类号： B01J19/14 ,  B01J21/18 ,  B01J23/462 ,  B01J23/75 ,  B01J23/78 ,  B01J39/02 ,  B09B3/00 ,  B09B3/0083 ,  C10B53/02 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J2300/0916 ,  C10J2300/0923 ,  C10J2300/0979 ,  C10L3/08 ,  C10L5/44 ,  C10L9/086 ,  Y02E50/10 ,  Y02E50/14 ,  Y02E50/30 ,  Y02P20/145 ,  Y02P20/52

    摘要： Processing of wet biomass feedstock by liquid-phase catalytic hydrothermal gasification must address catalyst fouling and poisoning. One solution can involve heating the wet biomass with a heating unit to a pre-treatment temperature sufficient for organic constituents in the feedstock to decompose, for precipitates of inorganic wastes to form, for preheating the wet feedstock in preparation for subsequent removal of soluble sulfate contaminants, or combinations thereof. Processing further includes reacting the soluble sulfate contaminants with cations present in the feedstock material to yield a sulfate-containing precipitate and separating the inorganic precipitates and/or the sulfate-containing precipitates out of the wet feedstock. Having removed much of the inorganic wastes and the sulfate contaminants that can cause poisoning and fouling, the wet biomass feedstock can be exposed to the heterogeneous catalyst for gasification.

    摘要翻译： 通过液相催化水热气化处理湿生物质原料必须解决催化剂污染和中毒问题。 一种解决方案可以包括用加热单元将湿生物质加热到足以使原料中的有机成分分解的预处理温度，用于沉淀无机废物以形成，用于预热湿原料以备后续除去可溶性硫酸盐污染物 ，或其组合。 处理进一步包括使可溶性硫酸盐污染物与原料中存在的阳离子反应以产生含硫酸盐的沉淀物，并将无机沉淀物和/或硫酸盐沉淀物从湿原料中分离出来。 除去大量无机废物和可能引起中毒和结垢的硫酸盐污染物，湿生物质原料可暴露于非均相催化剂进行气化。

    Hydrogenated 5-carbon compound and method of making
    7.
    发明授权
    Hydrogenated 5-carbon compound and method of making 失效
    氢化5碳化合物及其制备方法

    公开(公告)号：US5883266A

    公开(公告)日：1999-03-16

    申请号：US8356

    申请日：1998-01-16

    申请人： Douglas C. Elliott ,  John G. Frye

    发明人： Douglas C. Elliott ,  John G. Frye

    IPC分类号： C07D307/06 ,  C07D307/33 ,  C07D309/00 ,  C07C27/00 ,  C07D307/02

    CPC分类号： C07D307/33 ,  C07D307/06

    摘要： The present invention is based upon the surprising discovery that a 5-carbon compound selected from the group of 4-oxopentanoic acid, at least one lactone of 4-oxopentanoic acid, and combinations thereof, may be hydrogenated with a bimetallic catalyst of a noble metal in combination with a second metal and preserve the pendant methyl group. It was further unexpectedly discovered that the same conditions of bimetallic catalyst in the presence of hydrogen are useful for catalyzing the different intermediate reactions for example angelicalactone to gamma-valerolactone and gamma-valerolactone to 1,4-pentanediol. Finally, it was surprising that levulinic acid could be converted to 2-methyltetrahydrofuran with heating in the presence of the bimetallic catalyst and hydrogen in a single process vessel. The method of the present invention unexpectedly produced a fuel or fuel component having 2-methyltetrahydrofuran either in a yield greater than 4.5 mol % or in combination with alcohols.

    摘要翻译： 本发明基于惊人的发现，即选自4-氧代戊酸，至少一种4-氧代戊酸的内酯的5-碳化合物及其组合可以用贵金属的双金属催化剂氢化 与第二金属组合并保护侧甲基。 进一步出人意料地发现，在氢存在下，相同条件的双金属催化剂可用于催化不同的中间反应，例如天然内酯至γ-戊内酯和γ-戊内酯至1,4-戊二醇。 最后，令人惊讶的是，在双金属催化剂和氢气存在下，乙酰丙酸可以在单一工艺容器中加热转化为2-甲基四氢呋喃。 本发明的方法意外地产生具有2-甲基四氢呋喃的燃料或燃料组分，其产率大于4.5mol％或与醇组合。