摘要:
According to example embodiments of inventive concepts, a method includes forming cell patterns and insulating interlayers between the cell patterns on the substrate. An upper insulating interlayer including initial and preliminary contact holes is formed on an uppermost cell pattern. A first reflection limiting layer pattern and a first photoresist layer pattern are formed for exposing a first preliminary contact hole while covering inlet portion of the initial and preliminary contact holes. A first etching process is performed on layers under the first preliminary contact hole to expose the cell pattern at a lower position than a bottom of the first preliminary contact hole. A partial removing process of sidewall portions of the first reflection limiting layer pattern and the first photoresist layer pattern and an etching process on exposed layers through bottom portions of the preliminary contact holes are repeated for forming contact holes having different depths.
摘要:
A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprises forming memory cells on a memory cell region, alternately forming a sacrificial layer and an insulating interlayer on a connection region for providing wirings configured to electrically connect the memory cells, forming an etching mask pattern including etching mask pattern elements on a top sacrificial layer, forming blocking sidewalls on either sidewalls of each of the etching mask pattern element, forming a first photoresist pattern selectively exposing a first blocking sidewall furthermost from the memory cell region and covering the other blocking sidewalls, etching the exposed top sacrificial layer and an insulating interlayer to expose a second sacrificial layer, forming a second photoresist pattern by laterally removing the first photoresist pattern to the extent that a second blocking sidewall is exposed, and etching the exposed top and second sacrificial layers and the insulating interlayers to form a staircase shaped side edge portion.
摘要:
A method of forming a multi-floor step pattern structure includes forming a stacked structure having alternating insulating interlayers and sacrificial layers on a substrate. A first photoresist pattern is formed on the stacked structure. A first preliminary step pattern structure is formed by etching portions of the stacked structure using the first photoresist pattern as an etching mask. A passivation layer pattern is formed on upper surfaces of the first photoresist pattern and the first preliminary step pattern structure. A second photoresist pattern is formed by removing a side wall portion of the first photoresist pattern exposed by the passivation layer pattern. A second preliminary step pattern structure is formed by etching exposed insulating interlayers and underlying sacrificial layers using the second photoresist pattern as an etching mask. The above steps may be repeated on the second preliminary step pattern structure to form the multi-floor step pattern structure.
摘要:
A small-sized on-chip complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) Power Amplifier having improved efficiency is provided herein. The on-chip CMOS power amplifier is capable of improving efficiency and maximizing output thereof by enhancing a K factor, which may cause a problem in a power amplifier having a distributed active transformer structure. The on-chip CMOS power amplifier having an improved efficiency and being fabricated in a small size, the on-chip CMOS power amplifier includes a primary winding located at a first layer, secondary windings located at a second layer, which is an upper part of the first layer, the secondary windings being located corresponding to a position of the primary winding, and a cross section for coupling the second windings with each other.
摘要:
Disclosed is a radio frequency filter of a combline structure including a frequency cut-off circuit for cutting off a specific frequency from a frequency band having a given frequency bandwidth. The frequency cut-off circuit includes an inductive transmission line extending from the output terminal by a length determined to provide an approximate inductance corresponding to a calculated value approximate to an inductance for obtaining the specific frequency, and a capacitive element coupled to the approximate inductance provided by the inductive transmission line, so that it has a capacitance for obtaining the specific frequency. The inductive transmission line is connected to the capacitive element through a via hole formed at an end of the transmission line opposite to the output terminal, from which the transmission line extends. The invention also proposes a method for implementing the radio frequency filter.
摘要:
Disclosed is a technique for obtaining an estimate and variance of each variable based on a constraint manifold. Particles (or samples) are sampled in order to filter and fuse ambiguous data or information on at least one state variable of a system using the particles. The sampling is carried out in consideration of an influence which non-linearity of the constraint manifold of a system model, an observation model or another system model exerts on a probability distribution of the state variable. With this construction, it is possible to reduce decrease of fusion and filtering performance, decrease a Gaussian approximation error, and detect mismatched information.
摘要:
An apparatus for generating an in-phase/quadrature-phase (I/Q) signal in a wireless transceiver is disclosed, including a local oscillator for generating a local oscillation signal, and first and second mixers for mixing the oscillation signal with a transmission/reception signal to convert the transmission/reception signal into a baseband or high-frequency signal. The apparatus includes a phase locked circuit for controlling the local oscillator, and a polyphase filter installed between the local oscillator and the mixers, for separating the oscillation signal from the local oscillator into an I signal and a Q signal depending on a control signal from the phase locked circuit, and outputting the separated I and Q signals to the first and second mixers, respectively.
摘要:
An impulse generation circuit is provided for generating an impulse using a transmission line. Impulse characteristics of the impulse generation circuit are varied with the length of a transmission line rather than the characteristic variation of various devices used therein. The length of the transmission line is adjusted, such that a width of a generated pulse is adjusted. Because an end of the transmission line is short-circuited, the transmission line length can be easily adjusted on a substrate, and a ringing phenomenon due to re-reflection can be removed using termination impedance.
摘要:
After an insulation layer is formed on a substrate, a contact hole is formed through the insulation layer. A recessed plug is formed to partially fill up the contact hole. The recessed plug has a height substantially smaller than a depth of the contact hole. A metal wiring structure is formed on the recessed plug and on the insulation layer. A lower portion of the metal wiring structure, formed within the contact hole, prevents damage to the recessed plug during an etching process for forming the metal wiring structure. Therefore, the recessed plug may be formed without damage thereof even if an alignment error occurs between an etching mask and the recessed plug during metal wiring structure formation.
摘要:
An active inductor capable of tuning a self-resonant frequency, an inductance, a Q factor, and a peak Q frequency by applying a tunable feedback resistor to a cascode-grounded active inductor is disclosed. The tunable active inductor includes a first transistor having a source connected to a power supply voltage and a gate connected to first bias voltage; a second transistor having a drain connected to a drain of the first transistor and a gate connected to a second bias voltage; a third transistor having a drain connected to a source of the second transistor and a source connected to a ground voltage; a fourth transistor having a drain connected to a gate of the third transistor, a source connected to the ground voltage and a gate connected to a third bias voltage; a fifth transistor having a source connected to the drain of the fourth transistor and a drain connected to the power supply voltage.