摘要:
A hydraulic pressure, i.e., a line pressure, of a hydraulic fluid supplied from an engine driven pump toward a hydraulically actuable coupling of an automatic transmission is held at the maximum pressure value when a temperature of an automatic transmission oil is less than a predetermined temperature value. However, the hydraulic pressure is temporarily decreased from the maximum pressure value to the minimum pressure value for a period of time after cranking of the engine when the transmission oil temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature value. Owing to a decreased load on the engine by the oil pump, smooth cranking and subsequent warming-up operation of the engine is assured under cold whether condition when the automatic transmission oil temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature value.
摘要:
In order to determine a malfunction which results in the loss of torque reduction control, the engine speed and the torque converter characteristics are monitored when a torque down signal is issued. The maximum engine torque which should be produced under such circumstances is used to derive a corresponding maximum engine speed value. If the actual engine speed exceeds the estimated value, appropriate torque down control can be assumed to have been lost. In response a fail safe such as boosting line pressure to switching to an alternative source of torque control can implemented. A suitable warning signal can also be generated.
摘要:
A predetermined control on an engine, i.e., a fuel-cut operation, is executed after an accelerator has been released under predetermined conditions when vehicle speed is higher than a fuel-cut vehicle speed value and engine speed is higher than or equal to a fuel-cut engine speed value. In an automatic transmission drivingly connected to the engine via a torque converter, a gear shift is initiated after the accelerator has been released. During a shift of the same kind, there occurs a variability in shift shock between the cases with and without the execution of the fuel-cut operation. In order to reduce this variability, the execution of the fuel-cut operation is inhibited until completion of the shift after the accelerator has been released under the predetermined conditions.
摘要:
A system and method for controlling an operation of an internal combustion engine of a vehicle having an automatic transmission in which at least one of predetermined fuel supply recovery engine revolution speed or predetermined fuel supply cut-off engine revolution speed is varied during the engine deceleration condition according to a state of operation of the automatic transmission. In the first preferred embodiment, a downshift operation of the automatic transmission is detected. In the second preferred embodiment, an overrun clutch solenoid is turned on (energized). In the latter case, both fuel supply recovery and fuel supply cut-off engine revolution speeds are set to higher values than those when the clutch solenoid is turned off (deenergized).
摘要:
A unified control device for engine and automatic transmission of an automotive vehicles serves to alleviate a racing select shock which occurs upon engagement of a driving clutch in the transmission when selecting a running range of the transmission to start the vehicle with an accelerator pedal depressed. The control device achieves a reduction control during changeover of the transmission into a running range from a racing state, to reduce at least one parameter representing the output power to be transmitted from the engine to driving wheels via the transmission, such as engine speed, engine output and/or transfer torque capacity of the clutch, etc. The reduction control is stopped as soon as the completion of engagement of the driving clutch has been detected, to allow the vehicle to be started without engine stalling.
摘要:
The present invention provides a zinc oxide-based ultraviolet light emitting material showing intense emission in the ultraviolet region. The present invention is an ultraviolet light emitting material containing: zinc and oxygen as main components; at least one element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, and indium, as a first sub-component; and phosphorus as a second sub-component. This material has n-type conductivity.
摘要:
The present invention is a method of producing an ultraviolet light emitting phosphor material. This method includes a step of heat-treating a composition containing zinc and oxygen as main components and at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium and indium as a sub-component, in the presence of at least two coexisting substances selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, gallium oxide and phosphorus oxide under a non-oxidizing atmosphere.
摘要:
The present invention provides a zinc oxide-based ultraviolet light emitting material showing intense emission in the ultraviolet region. The present invention is an ultraviolet light emitting material containing: zinc and oxygen as main components; at least one element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, and indium, as a first sub-component; and phosphorus as a second sub-component. This material has n-type conductivity.
摘要:
A PDP and a manufacturing method for the PDP are provided, the PDP being capable of suppressing discharge delay due to improved discharge properties of a protective layer, and exhibiting superior image display performance despite having a high-definition cell structure. A magnesium oxide powder layer (16) is formed by distributing magnesium oxide particles (16a) flatly on a surface layer (8). Each of the magnesium oxide particles (16a) includes halogen atoms at and in a vicinity of the surface thereof. The magnesium oxide particles (16a) are manufactured such that the halogen atoms exist particularly at the surface of each of magnesium oxide particles (16a) through to a depth of 4 nm or less toward the core of each of the magnesium oxide particles (16a).
摘要:
An ultrasonic motor includes a stator and a rotor. In the stator, an n number of piezoelectric elements (wherein n is a natural number) are affixed to one surface of a vibrating member, whose outer circumferential edge is circular or polygonal, along a direction in which the outer circumferential edge extends. Each of the piezoelectric elements has a size corresponding to λθ/2 in terms of center angle, and the piezoelectric elements that are adjacent to each other are disposed so as to be separated by an interval corresponding to λθ/4 in terms of the center angle along a circumferential direction of the vibrating member. The piezoelectric elements are polarized in opposite directions in a thickness direction. The rotor is disposed so as to contact the stator, and is rotated by receiving vibration resulting from a 3n-wave traveling wave generated by the stator.
摘要翻译:超声波马达包括定子和转子。 在定子中,沿着外周缘延伸的方向,将n个压电元件(其中n为自然数)固定在外周边缘为圆形或多边形的振动件的一个表面上。 每个压电元件具有与中心角相对应的λ& t / 2的尺寸,彼此相邻的压电元件被设置成相对于λ& 沿着振动部件的圆周方向的中心角。 压电元件在厚度方向上以相反的方向极化。 转子被设置为接触定子,并且通过接收由定子产生的3n波行波产生的振动而旋转。