摘要:
It is an object to provide a receiving apparatus which is capable of demodulating signals with a very simple arrangement. Receiving apparatus 1 has N reception antennas 11-1-11-N, and reception antennas 11-1-11-N receive signals. Channel coefficient estimator 12 estimates and outputs channel coefficients from the signals received by respective reception antennas 11-1-11-N. QR decomposer 13 is supplied with a channel matrix having the channel coefficients as its elements, performs QR decomposition on the channel matrix, and outputs a Q matrix and an R matrix. A QH processor 14 is supplied with the Q matrix and the received signals, multiplies the received signals by a complex conjugate transposed matrix of the Q matrix, and outputs converted signal z. A transmitted sequence estimator 15 is supplied with converted signal z and the R matrix and estimates transmitted sequences.
摘要:
A movable member is arranged on a turning axial line of first and second hinge members such that the movable member is turnable and movable in the direction of the turning axial line. A confronting surface of the first hinge member with respect to the movable member is provided with an end face cam extending in a peripheral direction about the turning axial line. An abutment arm part of the movable member is press-contacted against the end face cam by a biasing force of a coiled spring. Thereby, the biasing force of the coiled spring is converted to a turn biasing force for turning the movable member. The second hinge member is turned via the movable member by the turn biasing force. A terminal end part of the end face cam is provided with a gentle inclination surface. An inclination angle of the gentle inclination surface is smaller than an inclination angle of a main inclination surface of the end face cam, the main inclination surface being located closer to a starting end of the end face cam than the gentle inclination surface, the main inclination surface covering a large part of the end face cam.
摘要:
A system for use when distributing information stored in a piece of storage medium from a supplier to users through a distributor(s). The information is ciphered when stored in each piece of storage medium in a supplier apparatus. In addition, ciphered key information may be stored in the piece of storage medium together with the above information to be distributed. A distributor apparatus may convert the cipher of the key information before distributing the piece of storage medium to the users. The distributor apparatus may write further information in the piece of storage medium before distributing the piece of storage medium to the users. The further information indicates a limit of an operation of reading the information by each user, and may be a maximum allowable accumulated time of reading the information by each user, a maximum number of repetitions of the reading operation of the information by each user, or a time limit of the operation of the reading operation by each user. Each user apparatus stops the reading operation when the reading operation has reached the limit. Further, each user apparatus may write information indicating an amount of the reading operation therein, in the piece of storage medium, and the distributor apparatus may compare a sum of amounts of the above limits for pieces of storage medium distributed therefrom, with a sum of the amounts of the reading operations in the respective pieces of storage medium after the pieces of storage medium are returned to the distributor apparatus.
摘要:
A computer-readable recording medium having stored therein a program for causing a computer to execute a digital signature process, wherein the digital signature process includes distributing packets to machines based on session durations according to a communication of the packets in a given duration, and performing verification tests based on the packets distributed to the machines by each of the machines.
摘要:
A semiconductor testing device is used for testing a semiconductor device which has at least one spherical connection terminal. The testing device includes an insulating substrate having an opening formed therein at a position corresponding to the position of the spherical connection terminal, and a contact member, formed on the insulating substrate, including a connection portion which is connected with the spherical connection terminal, at least the connection portion being deformable and extending into the opening.
摘要:
A gas-discharge display apparatus is provided that reduces influence of light emission of the discharging gas so as to enhance a color reproducible range and make color purity of red color close to the ideal value. The apparatus uses a gas containing at least one of neon and helium for generating the gas discharge and exciting three kinds of fluorescent materials having different light colors to emit light for color image display. In front of the gas discharge space, an optical filter is disposed, whose transmittance at the wavelength of 585 nanometers is smaller than both the transmittance at the wavelength of 450 nanometers and the transmittance at the wavelength of 620 nanometers.
摘要:
In a process for producing a semiconductor device, particularly an MIS structure semiconductor device, an electrode, which is in ohmic contact with the semiconductor substrate, is usually formed on the surface which is opposite to the surface having MIS FETs. However, in a recently developed process, the electrode mentioned above is formed on the semiconductor substrate surface on which the MIS FETs are formed, and the electrode is in ohmic contact with the substrate through a short-circuit of a PN junction formed on such semiconductor substrate surface. However, a so formed electrode is liable to break. In the present invention, wherein a masking layer covers the substrate-contact region during the production of the MIS FETs, the electrode mentioned above is in an ohmic contact with the electrode not through the PN junction and the problem of breaking occurs seldom.
摘要:
An optical transmission system includes an optical nonlinear element having nonlinear input/output characteristics, a power detector detecting a power of a specific frequency component related to an optical signal reproduced by the optical nonlinear element, and a variable amplifier amplifying or attenuating the optical signal inputted to the optical nonlinear element. Evaluation of an output waveform is performed based on the power of the specific frequency component detected by the power detector, and a gain of the variable amplifier is properly controlled, so that an input power of the optical signal inputted to the optical nonlinear element can be easily set such that a good output waveform can be obtained without directly measuring the inputted or outputted optical signal.
摘要:
A circuit substrate comprises a glass substrate 16, through-holes 18 formed through the glass substrate 16 and via electrodes 20 buried in the through-holes 18. An opening width of the through-holes 18 is minimum inside the glass substrate and is increased toward both surfaces of the glass substrate 16. Accordingly, the detachment of the via electrodes 20 can be prevented without increasing the surface roughness of the inside walls of the through holes, and stresses generated in the core substrate can be mitigated.
摘要:
A method is provided for making a micromirror unit which includes a frame, a mirror forming base, and bridges connecting the frame to the mirror forming base. The method includes the following steps. First, a first mask pattern is formed on a substrate for masking portions of the substrate which are processed into the frame and the mirror forming base. Then, a second mask pattern is formed on the substrate for masking portions of the substrate which are processed into the bridges. Then, the substrate is subjected to a first etching process with the first and the second mask patterns present as masking means. Then, the second mask pattern is removed selectively. Then, the substrate is subjected to a second etching process with the first mask pattern present as masking means. Finally, the first mask pattern is removed.