公开(公告)号：US06907167B2

公开(公告)日：2005-06-14

申请号：US09765544

申请日：2001-01-19

申请人： Hwan J. Jeong ,  Xing Chen

发明人： Hwan J. Jeong ,  Xing Chen

IPC分类号： H04J14/02 ,  G20B6/42

CPC分类号： H04J14/02 ,  G02B6/2934 ,  G02B6/29349 ,  G02B6/29353 ,  G02B6/29358 ,  G02B6/29386 ,  H04J14/0208 ,  H04J14/0213

摘要： An optical interleaver is described, comprising a splitting element for splitting an incident beam into a first optical signal directed along a first path and a second optical signal directed along a second path, a first resonant element positioned along the first path, a second resonant element positioned along the second path, and a combining element positioned to receive and to interferometrically combine the outputs of the first and second resonant to produce the output signal. The optical interleaver may be implemented using a free-space configuration using a beamsplitter and a plurality of resonant cavities such as asymmetric Fabry-Perot resonators or Michelson-Gires-Tournois resonators. In an alternative preferred embodiment, the optical interleaver may be implemented in a Mach-Zender-style configuration using couplers and fiber ring resonators.

摘要翻译： 描述了一种光学交织器，其包括用于将入射光束分成沿着第一路径定向的第一光信号和沿着第二路径引导的第二光信号的分离元件，沿着第一路径定位的第一谐振元件，第二谐振元件 以及组合元件，其被定位成接收和干涉地组合第一和第二谐振的输出以产生输出信号。 光交错器可以使用使用分束器和多个谐振腔的自由空间配置来实现，例如非对称法布里 - 珀罗谐振器或迈克尔逊 - 雷尔 - 波尔诺斯谐振器。 在替代的优选实施例中，光交错器可以使用耦合器和光纤环形谐振器以马赫 - 祖德式配置来实现。

公开(公告)号：US06944361B2

公开(公告)日：2005-09-13

申请号：US10121846

申请日：2002-04-12

申请人： Xin Xue ,  Haiqing Wei

发明人： Xin Xue ,  Haiqing Wei

IPC分类号： G02B6/12 ,  G02B6/35 ,  H04Q11/00 ,  G02B6/26 ,  G02B6/42

CPC分类号： G02B6/3508 ,  G02B6/12002 ,  G02B6/3536 ,  G02B6/3556 ,  G02B6/356 ,  G02B6/357 ,  G02B6/3584 ,  G02B2006/12145 ,  H04Q11/0005 ,  H04Q2011/003

摘要： An integrated optical cross-connect device and associated methods are described, the cross-connect device comprising a plurality M of input waveguides formed in a first material layer of an integrated circuit, a plurality N of output waveguides formed in a second material layer of the integrated circuit, and a plurality MN of micromechanically actuated bridge elements formed in at least one intermediate layer lying between the first and second material layers. Responsive to an electrical control signal, each bridge element establishes an index-guided, nonreflecting optical path between its associated input waveguide and its associated output waveguide. Preferably, the bridge element comprises an arcuate waveguide structure substantially surrounded by air or other nonsolid material, the arcuate waveguide structure being twistably connected to a remainder of the intermediate layer by a narrow neck portion. When electrostatically actuated, one end of the arcuate waveguide structure rises to meet the input waveguide while the other end lowers to meet the output waveguide. Associated fabrication methods and an expandable, modular cross-connect system based on the cross-connect device are also described.

摘要翻译： 描述了集成光学交叉连接装置及相关方法，交叉连接装置包括形成在集成电路的第一材料层中的多个输入波导，多个N个输出波导形成在第二材料层中 集成电路以及形成在位于第一和第二材料层之间的至少一个中间层中的多个微机电致动桥元件。 响应于电控制信号，每个桥元件在其相关联的输入波导及其相关联的输出波导之间建立索引引导的非反射光路。 优选地，桥接元件包括基本上被空气或其它非固体材料包围的弓形波导结构，该弧形波导结构通过狭窄的颈部扭转地连接到中间层的其余部分。 当静电致动时，弓形波导结构的一端上升以满足输入波导，而另一端降低以满足输出波导。 还描述了相关的制造方法和基于交叉连接装置的可扩展的模块化交叉连接系统。

公开(公告)号：US20020177250A1

公开(公告)日：2002-11-28

申请号：US10106991

申请日：2002-03-26

申请人： Gazillion Bits, Inc.

发明人： Zuhua Zhu ,  Shih-Yuan Wang

IPC分类号： H01L021/00 ,  H01L031/0328 ,  H01L031/0336 ,  H01L031/072 ,  H01L031/109

CPC分类号： H01S5/18316 ,  H01S5/18308 ,  H01S5/18333 ,  H01S5/2063 ,  H01S5/2086 ,  H01S2301/166 ,  H01S2301/176 ,  H04B10/503

摘要： A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) structure and fabrication method therefor are described in which a subsurface air, gas, or vacuum current confinement method is used to restrict the area of electrical flow in the active region. Using vertical hollow shafts to access a subsurface current confinement layer, a selective lateral etching process is used to form a plurality of subsurface cavities in the current confinement layer, the lateral etching process continuing until the subsurface cavities laterally merge to form a single subsurface circumferential cavity that surrounds a desired current confinement zone. Because the subsurface circumferential cavity is filled with air, gas, or vacuum, the stresses associated with oxidation-based current confinement methods are avoided. Additionally, because the confinement is achieved by subsurface cavity structures, overall mechanical strength of the current-confining region is maintained.

摘要翻译： 描述了垂直腔表面发射激光器（VCSEL）结构及其制造方法，其中使用地下空气，气体或真空电流限制方法来限制有源区域中的电流的面积。 使用垂直空心轴来接近地下电流限制层，选择性横向蚀刻工艺用于在电流限制层中形成多个次表面空腔，横向蚀刻工艺继续进行，直到地下空腔横向合并形成单个地下圆周腔 其围绕期望的电流限制区。 因为地下圆周空腔充满了空气，气体或真空，所以避免了与基于氧化的电流限制方法相关的应力。 此外，由于限制是通过地下空腔结构实现的，因此保持了电流限制区域的总体机械强度。

公开(公告)号：US20020173089A1

公开(公告)日：2002-11-21

申请号：US10106929

申请日：2002-03-26

申请人： Gazillion Bits, Inc.

发明人： Zuhua Zhu

IPC分类号： H01L021/8238

CPC分类号： H04B10/503 ,  H01S5/0207 ,  H01S5/18305 ,  H01S5/18308 ,  H01S5/18358 ,  H01S5/18369 ,  H01S5/2063 ,  H01S5/423 ,  H01S2304/12 ,  H04J14/02

摘要： A vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) structure and related fabrication methods are described, the VCSEL comprising amorphous dielectric distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) while also being capable of fabrication in a single-growth process. Beginning with a substrate such as InP, a first amorphous dielectric DBR structure is deposited thereon, but is limited in width such that some substrate material remains uncovered by the dielectric material. A lateral overgrowth layer is then formed by epitaxially growing material such as InP onto the substrate, the lateral overgrowth layer eventually burying the dielectric DBR structure as well as the previously-uncovered substrate material. Active layers may then be epitaxially grown on the lateral overgrowth layer, and a top dielectric DBR may be deposited thereon using conventional techniques. To save vertical space between DBRs, the first DBR may be deposited in a non-reentrant well formed in the surface of a substrate. A dual lateral overgrowth method for further reducing dislocations above a lower buried dielectric DBR of a VCSEL is also described.

摘要翻译： 描述了垂直腔表面发射激光器（VCSEL）结构和相关的制造方法，VCSEL包括非晶介质分布布拉格反射器（DBR），同时也能够在单增长过程中制造。 从诸如InP的衬底开始，在其上沉积第一非晶介质DBR结构，但其宽度受到限制，使得某些衬底材料保持未被电介质材料覆盖。 然后通过在衬底上外延生长诸如InP的材料来形成横向过度生长层，侧向过度生长层最终掩埋电介质DBR结构以及先前未被覆盖的衬底材料。 然后可以在横向过度生长层上外延生长活性层，并且可以使用常规技术在其上沉积顶部电介质DBR。 为了节省DBR之间的垂直空间，可以将第一DBR沉积在形成在衬底表面中的非凹陷阱中。 还描述了用于进一步减少VCSEL的下埋置介质DBR之上的位错的双横向过度生长方法。

公开(公告)号：US07068948B2

公开(公告)日：2006-06-27

申请号：US09971831

申请日：2001-10-04

申请人： Haiqing Wei ,  Aly F. Elrefaie ,  Xin Xue ,  Shih-Yuan Wang

发明人： Haiqing Wei ,  Aly F. Elrefaie ,  Xin Xue ,  Shih-Yuan Wang

IPC分类号： H04B10/04

CPC分类号： H04B10/508 ,  G02F2001/212 ,  G02F2203/70

摘要： An optical return-to-zero (RZ) signal generator and related methods are described in which a phase modulator causes a phase change in an optical signal responsive to a transition in a driving signal, and in which an interferometer receives the optical signal from the phase modulator and generates an optical pulse responsive to that phase change. Preferably, the interferometer introduces a fixed, unmodulated time delay between its two signal paths, the fixed time delay being selected such that destructive interference occurs at an output of the interferometer when the phase of the optical signal received from the phase modulator remains constant. However, when a rising or falling edge of the driving signal causes phases changes in the optical signal, the destructive interference at the output of the interferometer is disturbed, and an optical pulse is generated. The driving signal is a differentially encoded version of an input information signal. Alternatively, the driving signal is proportional to the input information signal and the transmitted RZ-formatted optical signal is a differentially encoded version of that signal. Features for regulating the fixed time delay, features for frequency shift compensation, features for loss compensation/equalization, and integrated single-chip and multiple-chip embodiments are also described.

公开(公告)号：US06878958B2

公开(公告)日：2005-04-12

申请号：US10106929

申请日：2002-03-26

申请人： Zuhua Zhu

发明人： Zuhua Zhu

IPC分类号： H01L33/00 ,  H01S5/183 ,  H01S5/20 ,  H04B10/155 ,  H04J14/02 ,  H01L29/06 ,  H01L31/0328 ,  H01L31/0336 ,  H01L31/072 ,  H01L31/109

CPC分类号： H04B10/503 ,  H01S5/0207 ,  H01S5/18305 ,  H01S5/18308 ,  H01S5/18358 ,  H01S5/18369 ,  H01S5/2063 ,  H01S5/423 ,  H01S2304/12 ,  H04J14/02

摘要： A vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) structure and related fabrication methods are described, the VCSEL comprising amorphous dielectric distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) while also being capable of fabrication in a single-growth process. Beginning with a substrate such as InP, a first amorphous dielectric DBR structure is deposited thereon, but is limited in width such that some substrate material remains uncovered by the dielectric material. A lateral overgrowth layer is then formed by epitaxially growing material such as InP onto the substrate, the lateral overgrowth layer eventually burying the dielectric DBR structure as well as the previously-uncovered substrate material. Active layers may then be epitaxially grown on the lateral overgrowth layer, and a top dielectric DBR may be deposited thereon using conventional techniques. To save vertical space between DBRs, the first DBR may be deposited in a non-reentrant well formed in the surface of a substrate. A dual lateral overgrowth method for further reducing dislocations above a lower buried dielectric DBR of a VCSEL is also described.

摘要翻译： 描述了垂直腔表面发射激光器（VCSEL）结构和相关的制造方法，VCSEL包括非晶介质分布布拉格反射器（DBR），同时也能够在单增长过程中制造。 从诸如InP的衬底开始，在其上沉积第一非晶介质DBR结构，但其宽度受到限制，使得某些衬底材料保持未被电介质材料覆盖。 然后通过在衬底上外延生长诸如InP的材料来形成横向过度生长层，侧向过度生长层最终掩埋电介质DBR结构以及先前未被覆盖的衬底材料。 然后可以在横向过度生长层上外延生长活性层，并且可以使用常规技术在其上沉积顶部电介质DBR。 为了节省DBR之间的垂直空间，可以将第一DBR沉积在形成在衬底表面中的非凹陷阱中。 还描述了用于进一步减少VCSEL的下埋置介质DBR之上的位错的双横向过度生长方法。

公开(公告)号：US20020126354A1

公开(公告)日：2002-09-12

申请号：US09765544

申请日：2001-01-19

申请人： Gazillion Bits, Inc.

发明人： Hwan J. Jeong ,  Xing Chen

IPC分类号： H04J014/02 ,  G02B005/30 ,  G02B027/28

CPC分类号： H04J14/02 ,  G02B6/2934 ,  G02B6/29349 ,  G02B6/29353 ,  G02B6/29358 ,  G02B6/29386 ,  H04J14/0208 ,  H04J14/0213

摘要： An optical interleaver for receiving an incident beam carrying a wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) signal comprising a plurality of channels at center wavelengths null1, null2, null3, null4, null5, null6, . . . and generating therefrom at least one de-interleaved output signal comprising the odd channels null1, null3, null5, . . . or the even channels null2, null4, null6, . . . is described. The optical interleaver comprises a splitting element for splitting an incident beam into a first optical signal directed along a first path and a second optical signal directed along a second path, a first resonant element positioned along the first path, a second resonant element positioned along the second path, and a combining element positioned to receive and to interferometrically combine the outputs of the first and second resonant to produce the output signal. The optical interleaver may be implemented using a free-space configuration using a beamsplitter and a plurality of resonant cavities such as asymmetric Fabry-Perot resonators or Michelson-Gires-Tournois resonators. In an alternative preferred embodiment, the optical interleaver may be implemented in a Mach-Zender-style configuration using couplers and fiber ring resonators. According to a preferred embodiment in which the optical interleaver is in a free-space configuration, the splitting element that receives the incident beam comprises a partially reflective surface positioned such that a normal to the reflective surface is at a less-than-30 degree angle with respect to the incoming beam for increased stability against polarizations in the incoming beam. According to another preferred embodiment, thermal stability of the optical interleaver is enhanced by configuring and dimensioning the optical interleaver such that the amount of glass or other optical material in the first and second split-beam paths is equalized. In accordance with reciprocity principles, the optical interleaver is readily adapted to operate as an interleaver, de-interleaver, or add/drop multiplexer.

公开(公告)号：US06859597B2

公开(公告)日：2005-02-22

申请号：US10693018

申请日：2003-10-24

申请人： Shih-Yuan Wang ,  Aly F. Elrefaie

发明人： Shih-Yuan Wang ,  Aly F. Elrefaie

IPC分类号： C03B37/012 ,  G02B6/02

CPC分类号： C03B37/01225 ,  C03B37/0122 ,  C03B37/01231 ,  C03B2203/14 ,  C03B2203/16 ,  C03B2203/18 ,  C03B2203/42 ,  G02B6/02214 ,  G02B6/02238 ,  G02B6/02266 ,  G02B6/02328 ,  G02B6/02338 ,  G02B6/02347 ,  G02B6/02357 ,  G02B6/02376 ,  G02B6/02385 ,  Y02P40/57

摘要： An index-guiding microstructured optical fiber, having a majority of the cross-section of the core and cladding regions occupied by voids. The voids are dimensioned such that an effective index of refraction of the cladding region is less than an effective index of the core region, the optical fiber propagating light by an index-guiding effect. The attenuation and dispersion characteristics of the microstructured optical fiber, when expressed in dB/km and ps/(nm-km), respectively, each decrease in approximate proportion to the percentage of cross-sectional area occupied by the voids. An appropriate void-to-cross-sectional area ratio may be selected so as to provide an optical communications link that provides substantially increased data throughput using today's installed base of conduit and communications relay stations. The system hardware requirements are substantially decreased in terms of regenerator spacing, optical amplifier spacing, dispersion-compensating fiber lengths, optical filtering device precisions, and/or optical source device precisions, thereby decreasing the costs of system construction and maintenance and improving system reliability.

摘要翻译： 一种指纹微结构光纤，具有由空隙占据的芯和包层区域的大部分横截面。 空隙的尺寸使得包层区域的有效折射率小于芯区域的有效折射率，光纤通过折射率引导效应传播光。 当以dB / km和ps /（nm-km）表示时，微结构光纤的衰减和色散特性分别与空隙占据的横截面积的百分比大致成正比。 可以选择适当的空隙与横截面积比，以便提供一种光通信链路，其使用当今安装的导管和通信中继站的基础提供显着增加的数据吞吐量。 在再生器间隔，光放大器间隔，色散补偿光纤长度，光学滤波器件精度和/或光源器件精度方面，系统硬件要求显着降低，从而降低系统构造和维护成本，并提高系统可靠性。

公开(公告)号：US20040012845A1

公开(公告)日：2004-01-22

申请号：US10199658

申请日：2002-07-19

申请人： Gazillion Bits, Inc.

发明人： Shih-Yuan Wang

IPC分类号： H01S003/00

CPC分类号： H01S5/423 ,  H01S5/18308 ,  H01S5/1835 ,  H01S5/2063 ,  H01S5/22 ,  H01S5/5072 ,  H01S2301/166

摘要： A vertically lasing semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) apparatus for amplifying an optical signal and related methods are described. The SOA comprises an integrated plurality of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) having a common gain medium layer, and a signal waveguide extending horizontally through the VCSELs near the gain medium layer such that the optical signal is amplified while propagating therethrough. Although integrated onto a common substrate, the VCSELs are functionally isolated from each other, each building up its own distinct lasing field responsive to a distinct electrical pump current therethrough. Each VCSEL is configured and dimensioned to achieve smooth, single transverse mode lasing action for promoting spatially uniform and temporally stable gain of the optical signal as it propagates along the signal waveguide. Preferably, the SOA comprises several dozens to several hundreds of functionally isolated VCSELs, each providing only a small portion of the overall signal gain. If a local defect arises during device fabrication that causes a hot spot or other lasing non-uniformity to occur at nominal bias levels, the spatial and operational scope of that defect is limited to its particular VCSEL, with overall device performance being reduced by only a minor amount.

公开(公告)号：US20020181046A1

公开(公告)日：2002-12-05

申请号：US10119871

申请日：2002-04-10

申请人： Gazillion Bits, Inc.

发明人： Hwan J. Jeong

IPC分类号： H04J014/02 ,  G02B005/32

CPC分类号： G02B6/2938 ,  G02B6/29362 ,  G02B6/32 ,  H04J14/02 ,  H04J14/0201

摘要： A WDM demultiplexer/multiplexer comprising a plurality of narrow band reflective filters linearly disposed along an optical axis, each narrow band reflective filter reflecting a single channel or group of channels and transmitting the remaining channels, is described. In a demultiplexing mode, an optical signal initially carrying channels at null1null2 . . . nullN travels along the optical axis. Each narrow band reflective filter reflects a distinct channel and is tilted with respect to the optical axis such that it directs the reflected beam away from the optical axis to an output. Each narrow band reflective filter is substantially transparent to the remaining channels of the optical signal, such that the remainder of the optical signal proceeds along the optical axis substantially undisturbed. Advantageously, the device is highly robust against tilt variations or other mechanical variations in the narrow band reflective filters, because such variations are not compounded as the optical signal travels through the device. When many channels nullNnull require multiplexing/demultiplexing, the incoming beam may be split into nullmnull separate beams and sent to nullmnull separate narrowband reflective filter arrays, each comprising about N/m narrowband reflective filters. An optimal number of beams nullmnull for best energy efficiency may be computed based on specified system parameters.

摘要翻译： WDM解复用器/多路复用器包括沿着光轴线性设置的多个窄带反射滤光器，每个窄带反射滤光器反射单个信道或一组信道并发送剩余信道。 在解复用模式中，最初在lambd1lambd2上承载信道的光信号。 。 。 lambdN沿着光轴行进。 每个窄带反射滤光器反射不同的通道并且相对于光轴倾斜，使得其将反射的光束从光轴引导到输出。 每个窄带反射滤光器对光信号的剩余通道基本上是透明的，使得光信号的其余部分基本上不受干扰地沿着光轴行进。 有利地，该装置对于窄带反射滤光器中的倾斜变化或其他机械变化是高度鲁棒的，因为当光信号穿过该装置时，这种变化不会复合。 当许多通道“N”需要多路复用/解复用时，输入波束可以被分成“m”个单独的波束并发送到“m”个分开的窄带反射滤波器阵列，每个窄带反射滤波器阵列包括约N / m个窄带反射滤波器。 可以基于指定的系统参数来计算用于最佳能量效率的最佳数量的“m”。