公开(公告)号：US5118628A

公开(公告)日：1992-06-02

申请号：US103701

申请日：1987-10-02

申请人： Peter Krumpen ,  Britta Landgraf ,  Hartmut Prast ,  Bernd Schmitz

发明人： Peter Krumpen ,  Britta Landgraf ,  Hartmut Prast ,  Bernd Schmitz

IPC分类号： G01N1/10 ,  G01F23/24 ,  G01N27/06 ,  G01N27/27 ,  G01N33/18

CPC分类号： G01N33/18 ,  Y10T436/114998 ,  Y10T436/118339 ,  Y10T436/255

摘要： A method for analyzing water or other liquid, in particular rain water, comprises the steps of providing a collector comprising at least first and second volumetric cells and a mechanism for causing water to flow selectively into the cells and for causing water to flow selectively from the cells. Water is caused to flow into a first one of the cells while it is prevented from flowing into the other one of the cells. The water collected in the first cell is caused to flow to a property determining cell when the first cell has been filled to a predetermined volume, and simultaneously water is prevented from flowing into the first cell while it is now permitted to flow into the second volumetric cell. The water collected in the second cell is then permitted to flow to a property determining cell when the second cell has been filled to a predetermined volume, and simultaneously the water is prevented from flowing to the second cell while it is now permitted to flow to the first cell.

摘要翻译： 用于分析水或其它液体，特别是雨水的方法包括以下步骤：提供包含至少第一和第二体积细胞的收集器和用于使水选择性地流入细胞并使水从 细胞。 导致水流入细胞的第一个，同时防止其流入另一个细胞。 当第一单元已经被填充到预定体积时，在第一单元中收集的水被引导到属性确定单元，并且同时防止水流入第一单元，同时允许其流入第二单元 细胞。 然后当第二电池已经被填充到预定体积时，在第二电池中收集的水被允许流到属性确定单元，并且同时防止水流入第二电池，同时允许水流动到第二电池 第一个细胞

公开(公告)号：US4961529A

公开(公告)日：1990-10-09

申请号：US287342

申请日：1988-12-20

申请人： Bernd Gottselig ,  Erno Gyarmati ,  Aristides Naoumidis

发明人： Bernd Gottselig ,  Erno Gyarmati ,  Aristides Naoumidis

IPC分类号： B23K20/00 ,  C04B37/00 ,  C04B37/02

CPC分类号： C04B35/645 ,  C04B37/003 ,  C04B37/005 ,  C04B37/025 ,  C04B2235/6562 ,  C04B2235/6582 ,  C04B2235/963 ,  C04B2237/083 ,  C04B2237/365 ,  C04B2237/405 ,  C04B2237/406 ,  C04B2237/52 ,  C04B2237/567 ,  C04B2237/568 ,  C04B2237/60 ,  C04B2237/708 ,  Y10T428/264 ,  Y10T428/266

摘要： A layer of titanium carbosilicide Ti.sub.3 SiC.sub.2 on a silicon carbide surface polished for making a joint makes it possible to join silicon carbide bodies together in a hot pressing procedure and obtaining a joint strength comparable to the strength of the silicon carbide material. Such a layer on silicon carbide also makes possible brazed juoints with steel alloy or nickel based alloy parts. The layer may be applied directly by a powder dispersion in a volatile but viscous glycol or by sputtering or else the layer can be made in place from a powder mixture of components, especially TiC.sub.0,8 and Tisi.sub.2 (5:1) or a titanium layer of a thickness in the range of 1 to 3 .mu.m that reacts with the silicon carbide surface. When silicon carbide parts are joined together, the heating up to make the joint also serves to convert a titanium layer into titanium carbosilicide. When silicon carbide is to be joined with metal, a preliminary heating step is necessary to at first convert a powder mixture or a titanium layer on the silicon carbide surface to Ti.sub.3 SiC.sub.2. Alternatively a Ti.sub.3 SiC.sub. 2 surface layer can be formed by a sputtering process. The Ti.sub.3 SiC.sub.2 layer favors brazing of the metal part to the silicon carbide surface as treated. The heating requires reaching a temperature in the region from 1200.degree. to 1600.degree. C. for periods between a half hour to about three hours in the presence of a reducing protective gas.

摘要翻译： 在用于制造接头的碳化硅表面上的碳化硅硅钛酸Ti3SiC2层可以在热压步骤中将碳化硅体连接在一起，并获得与碳化硅材料的强度相当的接合强度。 这种碳化硅层也可以用钢合金或镍基合金部件进行铜焊接。 该层可以通过粉末分散体直接施加在挥发性但粘稠的二醇中或通过溅射，或者可以从组分的粉末混合物，特别是TiC0,8和Tisi2（5:1）的粉末混合物或钛层 厚度在1至3μm的范围内，与碳化硅表面反应。 当碳化硅部分接合在一起时，加热至接合还用于将钛层转化为碳硅化钛。 当碳化硅与金属接合时，需要预加热步骤，以便首先将碳化硅表面上的粉末混合物或钛层转化为Ti 3 SiC 2。 或者，可以通过溅射工艺形成Ti 3 SiC 2表面层。 Ti3SiC2层有利于金属部分对被处理的碳化硅表面的钎焊。 加热需要在还原保护气体的存在下，在1200℃至1600℃的温度范围内达到半小时至约3小时。

公开(公告)号：US4949039A

公开(公告)日：1990-08-14

申请号：US365938

申请日：1989-06-14

申请人： Peter Grunberg

发明人： Peter Grunberg

IPC分类号： G01D5/18 ,  G01R33/06 ,  G01R33/09 ,  G11B5/39 ,  H01L43/08 ,  H01L43/10

CPC分类号： G11B5/3903 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  B82Y25/00 ,  G01R33/093 ,  H01L43/08 ,  G11B2005/3996

摘要： A magnetic field sensor comprises a stack of ferromagnetic layers advantageously separated by an intermediate layer of proper material and so arranged that the ferromagnetic layers are with one component in an antiparallel magnetization direction. The sensor is provided with terminals for passing an electric current through the stack and for detecting a voltage drop across the stack. The magnetic resistance change with such a stack is substantially greater than in systems which do not provide an antiparallel magnetization or do not have the intermediate layer.

摘要翻译： 磁场传感器包括铁磁层的叠层，其有利地由适当材料的中间层隔开，并且被布置成使得铁磁层具有反并联磁化方向的一个部件。 该传感器设置有用于使电流通过堆叠并用于检测跨过堆叠的电压降的端子。 与这种堆叠的磁阻变化基本上大于不提供反平行磁化或不具有中间层的系统。

公开(公告)号：US4851783A

公开(公告)日：1989-07-25

申请号：US181974

申请日：1988-04-15

申请人： Jurgen Rabiger

发明人： Jurgen Rabiger

IPC分类号： H03K5/00 ,  H03B19/00 ,  H03B21/00 ,  H03K23/66

CPC分类号： H03B21/00

摘要： A method of and an apparatus for generating a control frequency in which two submultiples of a frequency standard are obtained which differ by unity in the respective frequency division and are mixed so that the contribution of a prior control frequency is reduced form period group to period group while the contribution of the new control frequency is increased from period group to period group. The system provides fine control of frequencies for, for example, driving synchronous motors without requiring excessively high frequency standard oscillators.

摘要翻译： 一种用于产生控制频率的方法和装置，其中获得频率标准的两个倍数，其在各个分频中相差一个并且被混合，使得先前的控制频率的贡献从周期组减少到周期组 而新控制频率的贡献从周期组增加到周期组。 该系统提供了对例如驱动同步电动机的频率的精细控制，而不需要过高的频率标准振荡器。

公开(公告)号：US4839391A

公开(公告)日：1989-06-13

申请号：US207024

申请日：1988-06-13

申请人： Jochen Range ,  Bernd Hohlein ,  Hans Niessen ,  Volker Vau ,  H. J. R. Schiebahn ,  Horst Hoffmann ,  Manfred Vorwerk

发明人： Jochen Range ,  Bernd Hohlein ,  Hans Niessen ,  Volker Vau ,  H. J. R. Schiebahn ,  Horst Hoffmann ,  Manfred Vorwerk

IPC分类号： B01J8/02 ,  C07C1/04

CPC分类号： B01J8/0285 ,  C07C1/042 ,  B01J2208/0007 ,  B01J2208/00088 ,  B01J2208/00141 ,  B01J2208/00274 ,  B01J2219/00006

摘要： A single stage methanization reactor and process are made to yield a product gas of high methane content as well as useful superheated steam without overheating the catalyst bed in which a synthesis gas containing, CO, CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 is converted into product gas. A variety of dispositions of vaporizer and superheater portions of the cooling system in the catalyst bed, for which the temperature profiles of gas and coolant along the reactor length are shown and compared, illustrate the principles governing the cooling system for such a reactor. A small portion of the superheated steam is mixed with preheated synthesis gas for elimination of all or part of the carbon monoxide content before the synthesis gas is introduced into the methanization reactor.

摘要翻译： 制备单级甲烷化反应器和方法以产生高甲烷含量的产物气体以及有用的过热蒸汽，而不会使含有CO，CO 2和H 2的合成气转化为产物气体的催化剂床过热。 催化剂床中的冷却系统的蒸发器和过热器部分的各种布置，其中示出并比较了沿着反应器长度的气体和冷却剂的温度分布，并对其进行比较，说明了用于这种反应器的冷却系统的原理。 将一小部分过热蒸汽与预热的合成气混合，以在将合成气引入甲烷化反应器之前消除全部或部分一氧化碳含量。

公开(公告)号：US4722762A

公开(公告)日：1988-02-02

申请号：US552846

申请日：1983-11-16

申请人： Hartmut Luhleich ,  Francisco Dias ,  Ashok K. Gupta ,  Erno Gyarmati ,  Marian Kampel ,  Rudolf Munzer ,  Aristides Naoumidis

发明人： Hartmut Luhleich ,  Francisco Dias ,  Ashok K. Gupta ,  Erno Gyarmati ,  Marian Kampel ,  Rudolf Munzer ,  Aristides Naoumidis

IPC分类号： C04B38/00 ,  B32B18/00 ,  C04B35/573 ,  C04B37/00 ,  C04B41/87 ,  F28F21/02 ,  C09J5/00

CPC分类号： C04B37/001 ,  C04B35/573 ,  C04B37/005 ,  F28F21/02 ,  C04B2237/083 ,  C04B2237/16 ,  C04B2237/363 ,  C04B2237/365 ,  C04B2237/60 ,  C04B2237/61 ,  C04B2237/76 ,  C04B2237/80 ,  C04B2237/86 ,  Y10T428/30 ,  Y10T428/31536

摘要： A method of making shaped bodies of silicon carbide, of graphite coated with silicon carbide or of a graphite-like material with a silicon carbide surface wherein a graphitic body is assembled from preformed parts in the desired shape and is immersed, under a chemically inert atmosphere, in a silicon melt and after penetration of the melt into gaps between abutting surfaces of the body and after reaction of the silicon with the graphite or the graphite-like material to form silicon carbide at the junctions, the body is removed from the melt and is cooled in a chemically inert atmosphere.

摘要翻译： 一种制造碳化硅成形体的方法，其中涂覆有碳化硅或具有碳化硅表面的石墨状材料的石墨，其中石墨体由预期部分以期望的形状组装并浸没在化学惰性气氛下 在硅熔体中，并且在将熔体渗透到主体的邻接表面之间的间隙中并且在硅与石墨或石墨状材料反应之后，在接合处形成碳化硅，将体从熔体中去除， 在化学惰性气氛中冷却。

公开(公告)号：US4687600A

公开(公告)日：1987-08-18

申请号：US688627

申请日：1985-01-03

申请人： Hartmut Kronschnabel ,  Wilhelm Goerings ,  Johann Bolingen ,  Gerd Kleine-Vennekate

发明人： Hartmut Kronschnabel ,  Wilhelm Goerings ,  Johann Bolingen ,  Gerd Kleine-Vennekate

IPC分类号： G21C19/37 ,  G21C19/36 ,  G21C19/44 ,  B02C19/12 ,  G21C19/48

CPC分类号： G21C19/36

摘要： A treating process for the separation of coated nuclear fuel particles from a graphitic matrix in which the nuclear fuel particles are embedded, which is employed in an installation for the conditioning of graphitic fuel elements of high-temperature nuclear reactors. The graphite which encompasses the nuclear fuel particles is conducted away through the action of a brush which isolates the nuclear fuel particles together with their coatings or the nuclear particles themselves, and wherein the nuclear fuel particles which are contained in the brushed product are then separated from the comminuted graphite. The nuclear fuel particles are worked out of the graphitic matrix through the action of the bristles of the brush which conduct the graphite away, but in which the coated nuclear fuel particles when they are contained within hard coatings or the nuclear fuel particles themselves, remain preserved. The worked out nuclear fuel particles are separated from the comminuted graphite fraction through the delivery of the brushed product into a sifter which is passed through by a separating gas, and in which the fine-grained fraction is conveyed away together with the gas stream.

摘要翻译： 一种用于从包含核燃料颗粒的石墨基质中分离涂覆的核燃料颗粒的处理方法，其用于调节高温核反应堆的石墨燃料元件的装置中。 包含核燃料颗粒的石墨通过将核燃料颗粒与其涂层或核颗粒本身隔离的刷子的作用被传播，并且其中包含在刷洗产品中的核燃料颗粒然后从 粉碎的石墨。 核燃料颗粒通过刷子的刷毛的作用从石墨基质中除去，导致石墨远离，但是当涂覆的核燃料颗粒包含在硬涂层或核燃料颗粒本身内时，其保留 。 将经过处理的核燃料颗粒通过将刷入的产品输送到通过分离气体通过的筛子中与粉碎的石墨部分分离，并且其中细粒级分与气流一起被输送。

公开(公告)号：US4585627A

公开(公告)日：1986-04-29

申请号：US328654

申请日：1981-12-08

申请人： Dieter Heitkamp ,  Peter Inden

发明人： Dieter Heitkamp ,  Peter Inden

IPC分类号： B01J20/34 ,  C01G43/00 ,  C22B60/02 ,  C02F1/28

CPC分类号： C22B60/0273

摘要： A process for the selective concentration of uranium from sea water through chemical accumulation onto a solid adsorption medium, which does not necessitate any H.sup.+ ions for regeneration, in particular onto titanium oxide hydrate and subsequent elution with a carbonate-containing eluent.

摘要翻译： 通过化学积累将固体吸附介质从海水中选择性浓缩铀的方法，其不需要任何H +离子用于再生，特别是二氧化钛水合物，随后用含碳酸盐的洗脱液洗脱。

公开(公告)号：US4562354A

公开(公告)日：1985-12-31

申请号：US515612

申请日：1983-07-20

申请人： Manfred Keller ,  Gunter Opladen

发明人： Manfred Keller ,  Gunter Opladen

IPC分类号： G01T1/185 ,  H01J47/00 ,  H01J47/02

CPC分类号： H01J47/002 ,  G01T1/185 ,  H01J47/02

摘要： An ionization chamber of reduced size, with an end window of a diameter preferably smaller than 3 cm is mounted on the end of a hand probe containing an amplifier, the output of which goes through a cable to an indicating device. One of a set of aperture diaphragms may be slipped over the end window to reduce the area of the window transparent to beta rays. In addition to the end window, slots in the cylindrical wall of the chamber increase the solid angle through which radiation may enter the chamber. The end window and the slotted walls of the chamber are covered with tissue-equivalent material for measurement of radiation exposure dose by the electrodes of the chamber and their associated amplifier and indicator. An alternative design with a conical chamber and conical inner electrode and a smaller window provides reliable measurement, even in inhomogeneous radiation fields without the necessity of using diaphragms.

摘要翻译： 减小尺寸的电离室具有直径优选小于3cm的端窗安装在包含放大器的手指探针的端部上，该放大器的输出通过电缆穿过指示装置。 一组孔径光阑中的一个可以滑过端窗，以减小窗口对β射线透明的面积。 除了端窗外，腔室的圆柱形壁中的槽增加了辐射可以通过其进入腔室的立体角。 室的端窗和开槽壁被组织等效材料覆盖，用于通过室的电极及其相关的放大器和指示器测量辐射照射剂量。 具有锥形室和圆锥形内电极和较小窗口的替代设计即使在不均匀的辐射场中也不需要使用隔膜，提供可靠的测量。

公开(公告)号：US4532023A

公开(公告)日：1985-07-30

申请号：US585431

申请日：1984-03-02

申请人： Leander Furst ,  Jiri Divisek

发明人： Leander Furst ,  Jiri Divisek

IPC分类号： G01N27/49 ,  G01N27/50

CPC分类号： G01N27/4045

摘要： The invention is concerned with an electrochemical gas analyzer for determining the sulphur dioxide content of certain gases in particular, flue gases. The device comprises a measuring cell containing a measuring electrode for the determination of the depolarization current and further comprising an unpolarizable electrode in the same electrolyte. The gas input flow is utilized to cause a circulation of electrolyte containing the dissolved gas which moves in the space between the measuring and counter-electrode. The electrolyte is continuously renewed and the electrolyte leaving the cell is regeneratd and recycled. The sulphur dioxide dissolved in the electrolyte is removed outside the cell by treatment with air in the presence of activated charcoal.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于确定某些气体，特别是烟道气体的二氧化硫含量的电化学气体分析仪。 该装置包括含有用于确定去极化电流的测量电极的测量单元，并且在同一电解质中还包括不可极化的电极。 气体输入流被用于引起电解质的循环，所述电解质含有在测量和对电极之间的空间中移动的溶解的气体。 电解液不断更新，离开电池的电解质被再生并循环使用。 溶解在电解质中的二氧化硫在活性炭存在下通过用空气处理除去在电池外面。