Abstract:
Methods and systems for inspecting a specimen are provided. One system includes an inspection subsystem configured for directing light to an area on the specimen and for generating output responsive to light from the area on the specimen. The system also includes a first gas flow subsystem configured for replacing a gas in a first local volume surrounding the area on the specimen with a first medium that scatters less of the light than the gas. In addition, the system includes a second gas flow subsystem configured for replacing the gas in a second local volume proximate the first local volume with a second medium different than the first medium. The system further includes a computer subsystem configured for detecting abnormalities on the specimen based on the output.
Abstract:
Methods and systems for inspecting a specimen are provided. One system includes an inspection subsystem configured for directing light to an area on the specimen and for generating output responsive to light from the area on the specimen. The system also includes a first gas flow subsystem configured for replacing a gas in a first local volume surrounding the area on the specimen with a first medium that scatters less of the light than the gas. In addition, the system includes a second gas flow subsystem configured for replacing the gas in a second local volume proximate the first local volume with a second medium different than the first medium. The system further includes a computer subsystem configured for detecting abnormalities on the specimen based on the output.
Abstract:
An optical-fiber-based spectrometer utilizes a compact, P-C-board-mountable optical multiplexer which permits multiple channels of reference and measurement data from remote and hostile environments to be analyzed in rapid sequence utilizing synchronized computer data-storage and comparison to give rapid-fire answers to the question of the presence or absence of species of interest in a sample or process being analyzed, the relative light level in the reference and data channels being balanced by an optical attenuator having only an air path, attenuation being effected by controlled misalignment of optical fiber ends.
Abstract:
A probe body (12) in a optical probe (10) including a measurement tube (14) having a plurality of probe vents (16) adapted to allow process fluid to flow there through; two or more purge rings, each including a process window, a purge gas inlet, and a plurality of purge gas outlet openings adapted to direct purge gas toward or adjacent to the process window; and a measurement region defined by a portion of the measurement tube and two or more of the purge rings.
Abstract:
A device and a method for measuring a concentration of at least one component of a process gas by means of a laser is provided. The beam path of the laser penetrates a volume containing the process gas. One section of the beam path penetrates the process gas in a free manner while another section thereof is shielded from the process gas. Only the section of the beam path, which penetrates the process gas in a free manner, is designated as the section to be measured and is used for measuring the concentration by means of laser spectroscopy, exactly one absorption line being determined for said measurement.
Abstract:
A spectrometer system is disclosed in which the sample-containing chamber is a separately constructed, enclosed modular unit which is readily attachable to, and detachable from, one wall of a housing which constitutes the basic unit of the spectrometer, and which contains an interferometer, one or more detectors, and other portions of the system. Various examples of the essentially unlimited types of sampling modules are disclosed. Also, automatic sample loading and unloading devices are disclosed, which are feasible because of the modular construction. And means of loading and unloading samples without purge loss are disclosed, which are feasible because of the modular construction.
Abstract:
An apparatus and method for the measurement of wax appearance temperature and wax disappearance temperature. The apparatus includes the following. The sample receptacle having a receptacle opening, including a bottom, at least one side and an open top. The sample receptacle including an inlet and an outlet for sample insertion and removal. The at least one side about the receptacle opening being light absorbing. The sample receptacle including a transparent cover mounted over the open top. The bottom of the receptacle opening having a reflective upper surface. A thermo device temperature change of the sample. A thermometer to register current temperature of the sample. A viewing chamber above the transparent cover, where the viewing chamber is surrounded by material that is light absorbing. A light emitting device to project light through the viewing chamber and the transparent cover.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for controlling flat glass forming by flowing a molten glass over a liquid tin layer contained in a forming vat wherein a forming characteristic quantity is measured above the glass surface during forming by means of beams generated by at least one absorption spectroscopy-based analyser, wherein the light beams generated by said analyser form a net above the glass surface. A device for carrying out the inventive method comprising an arm for supporting a vessel which comprises a retroreflecting means for receiving a light beam and transmitting it in an opposite direction parallel to an incident optical path is also disclosed.
Abstract:
A method of monitoring the surface of a sample under test is provided and the method comprises the steps of: illuminating the surface with light (20) polarised in a first direction; viewing light reflected from the surface through a polarising filter (27) arranged at 90° to the first direction, wherein the surface of the sample under test is provided with a marked area where diffuse reflection of the incident polarised light will occur in order to improve the contrast between the marked area and the surface of the sample under text.
Abstract:
A nephelometric turbidimeter for measuring a turbidity of a liquid sample in a transparent sample cuvette. The nephelometric turbidimeter includes a cuvette chamber housing with a cuvette chamber having the transparent sample cuvette arranged therein, and a drying apparatus. The drying apparatus includes a cuvette chamber inlet opening which vents the cuvette chamber, a cuvette chamber outlet opening which de-vents the cuvette chamber, an air circulator which circulates air from the cuvette chamber outlet opening to the cuvette chamber inlet opening, and a drying body. The drying body is provided as a container of a hygroscopic agent defined by a drying substance which is arranged in a drying path between the cuvette chamber outlet opening and the cuvette chamber inlet opening so that air flows through the drying body.