摘要:
A system, method and device for measuring toner performance by randomly applying a toner sample having toner particles to a substrate, and positioning the substrate such that a force may be applied to individual particles of the measuring toner. A rolling resistance or rotation of the individual particles of the measuring toner is measured. The measurements may be analyzed to determine adhesion and distribution properties of individual toner particles of the measuring toner sample.
摘要:
A force microscope for the detection of forces in the sub-micronewton range has a measurement head which is used to carry out a relative movement with respect to a sample holder and to which a carrier molecule is attached on which probe molecules are placed.
摘要:
A process for the location-resolved simultaneous detection of the adhesion and friction as well as possibly of other material properties of a sample surface to be examined by means of a raster probe microscope comprising a raster probe. The raster probe and/or the sample with sample surface are moved until at a point of the sample surface to be examined the raster probe interacts in a determined manner with this surface. The raster probe and/or the sample are subjected to a vertical oscillation, and a first measuring signal characterized by the deformation of the raster probe is recorded. A second measuring signal characterizing the deformation of the raster probe is recorded, wherein the raster probe and/or the sample are subjected to a horizontal and/or vertical oscillation. From these two measuring signals the desired material properties are determined. For the detection of the entire surface area to be examined the raster probe and or the sample are again moved and for the repetition of the measuring process described brought into contact with the sample surface in the above described manner.
摘要:
A dual- and triple-mode cantilever suitable for simultaneously measuring both normal (adhesion) and lateral (friction) forces independently in three orthogonal directions. The cantilever design allows the measurements to be performed at high sensitivity. The cantilever is useful in Scanning Probe Microscopes (SPM's) and other force-measuring devices, such as the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), the Friction Force Microscope (FFM), and in probe attachments for the Surface Forces Apparatus (SFA) where both normal and lateral forces acting on a tip need to be accurately, and unambiguously measured. The cantilever structure may be used for both resistive and optical detection of tip deflections.
摘要:
An instrument (and corresponding method) performs AFM techniques to characterize properties of a sample of reservoir rock. The AFM instrument is configured to have a probe with a tip realized from reservoir rock that corresponds to the reservoir rock of the sample. The AFM instrument is operated to derive and store data representing adhesion forces between the tip and the sample at one or more scan locations in the presence of a number of different fluids disposed between the tip and the sample. The AFM instrument is further configured to perform computational operations that process the data representing the adhesion forces for a given scan location in order to characterize at least one property of the rock sample at the given scan location. The properties can include total surface energy of the rock sample as well as wettability of the rock sample.
摘要:
In the case of measuring a pattern having a steep side wall, a probe adheres to the side wall by the van der Waals forces acting between the probe and the side wall when approaching the pattern side wall, and an error occurs in a measured profile of the side wall portion. When a pattern having a groove width almost equal to a probe diameter is measured, the probe adheres to both side walls, the probe cannot reach the groove bottom, and the groove depth cannot be measured. When the probe adheres to a pattern side wall in measurements of a microscopic high-aspect ratio pattern using an elongated probe, the probe is caused to reach the side wall bottom by detecting the adhesion of the probe to the pattern side wall, and temporarily increasing a contact force between the probe and the sample. Also, by obtaining the data of the amount of torsion of a cantilever with the shape data of the pattern, a profile error of the side wall portion by the adhesion is corrected by the obtained data of the amount of torsion.
摘要:
A system, method and device for measuring toner performance by randomly applying a toner sample having toner particles to a substrate, and positioning the substrate such that a force may be applied to individual particles of the measuring toner. A rolling resistance or rotation of the individual particles of the measuring toner is measured. The measurements may be analyzed to determine adhesion and distribution properties of individual toner particles of the measuring toner sample.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method of determining material properties of a contact formed between a measurement tip of a microscopic probe and a sample surface of a sample material. According to the method, a distance modulation is applied for modulating a distance between a support of the microscopic probe end the sample surface in a direction essentially normal to the sample surface and wherein a normal force signal indicative of a normal force is measured and demodulated. In the method it is proposed that the material properties be determined using measurement data comprised in the demodulated normal force signal and related to a (concave) buckling deformation of the microscopic probe relative to and away from the sample surface.
摘要:
An adhesion measuring apparatus includes a measuring device for measuring a Force-Curve at each of multiple measuring points on a sample surface using a cantilever provided at its distal end with a probe which is made of a material to be formed on the sample surface, and a distribution image forming device for calculating adhesion between a material making up the sample surface and the material to be formed on the sample surface from an output of the measuring device, and forming an image of adhesion distribution on the sample surface. An adhesion measuring method includes the steps of adjusting the spacing between a probe which is provided at the distal end of a cantilever and made of a material to be formed on a sample surface and the sample surface to measure a Force-Curve at each of multiple measuring points on the sample surface, calculating adhesion between a material making up the sample surface and the material to be formed on the sample surface at each of the measuring points from the result of measuring the Force-Curve, and forming an image of adhesion distribution on the sample surface from the adhesion calculated for each of the measuring points. With the present adhesion measuring apparatus and method, the condition of the sample surface can be accurately determined at an atomic level.
摘要:
A method of measuring a stress-strain curve in a cell-cell adhesion interface, the method including: providing a structure including a first movable island supported by a first beam, a second movable island supported by a second beam, and a gap therebetween connected by a pair of cells forming a junction, the pair of cells comprising a cell-cell adhesion interface having an initial length defined by a distance between nuclei of the pair of cells; moving the second movable island with a defined displacement; determining a displacement of the first movable island based on moving the second movable island; calculating a difference between the displacement of the first movable island and the defined displacement of the second movable island based on moving the second movable island; determining an applied strain in the cell-cell adhesion interface between the pair of cells based on the difference divided by the initial length of the cell-cell adhesion interface; calculating a force between the cell-cell adhesion interface of the pair of cells based on the displacement of the first movable island; calculating a stress in the cell-cell adhesion interface between the pair of cells based on the force; and determining the stress-strain curve of the cell-cell adhesion interface between the pair of cells by plotting the calculated stress against the applied strain.