摘要:
A moving catalyst bed reactor is disclosed, the reactor being provided with conical catalyst bed support means and independently laterally displaceable screen sections which provide for separation of the catalyst and the effluent.
摘要:
A process for catalytic reaction of heavy oils and a particulate solid medium, which comprises withdrawing a part or the whole of the used medium from the reactor, separating the withdrawn particles into the particles which have been rendered magnetic by the deposition thereon of nickel, vanadium, iron and copper originally contained in the heavy oils, and non-magnetic particles, using a high gradient magnetic separator which is so designed that a ferromagnetic matrix is placed in a uniform high magnetic field, and returning the non-magnetic particles of the medium into the reactor for re-use.
摘要:
A catalytic process for the conversion of hydrocarbons or bituminous shales or carbon monoxide in the liquid phase in contact with hydrogen flowing upwardly through a series of successive stages, each containing a catalyst bed either semi-stationary or dispersed in the charge, the catalyst being maintained at each stage by an upward flow of hydrogen or hydrocarbon supplied below an opening in the partition wall between two successive stages and periodically allowed to pass from one stage to the next through said opening, by discontinuing said upward flow.
摘要:
Hydroprocessing of hydrocarbon charge stocks which contain sulfur and various metals is performed using two moving-bed reactors connected in series; intermittently fresh catalyst is added to and used catalyst is removed from the second reactor, the used catalyst is regenerated and charged to the first reactor for use in metals removal and initial hydrotreating of the charge stock.
摘要:
A startup method for moving-bed reactors used in hydrocarbon conversion processes wherein the reactor is brought on-stream at full capacity while it contains less than a full loading of catalyst, and quantities of catalyst are intermittently added to the reactor while the hydrocarbons are being processed. Catalyst removal is then begun at a rate lower than the rate of catalyst addition and adjusted when the catalyst retention volume of the reactor becomes filled. The method is specifically adaptable to the hydrogenation of olefinic materials, the desulfurization of petroleum fractions and the production of liquid products from coal.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for the hydrogenation of hydrocarbon feedstocks in a reactor comprising a number of catalyst beds through which fluidized catalyst descends in countercurrent to feed and hydrogen. The invention provides a catalyst transfer system whereby the catalyst is moved in batches from an upper to the next lower bed by an external catalyst transfer pipe provided with an inlet for hydrogen.
摘要:
The present invention is related to the application of solid polymers or copolymers prepared from monomers having in their structure a polycyclic aromatic ring, an aromatic ring of the type of naphthalene, or polyesters, polyethers, polyamides or polyvynil derivatives having naphthalene units in their structure, in the hydrotreatment or hydrocracking of heavy hydrocarbons, such as heavy or extra-heavy crude oils or residues from the distillation of petroleum; these polymers or copolymers may be supported, anchored or in a physical mixture with metallic oxides such as alumina, silica, titania or kaolin, and they have an application as heterogeneous hydrogen donors in reactions of hydrotreatment or hydrocracking of heavy or extra-heavy crude oils, residues from the distillation of petroleum and cuts and streams deived from this distillation. These solid polymers or copolymers operate in the presence of hydrogen or methane-rich gas. These hydrogen donor polymers, being solid, may be recovered from the reaction mixture to be reused and have a thermal stability that allows for their use in reactions at temperatures above 450° C. These heterogeneous hydrogen donors improve the physical properties of crude oils, such as API gravity, viscosity, and distillates yield, inhibiting the formation of coke.
摘要:
Provided is a process for catalytically reforming a hydrocarbon feedstock using a highly sulfur sensitive catalyst. The process comprises contacting the hydrocarbon in a reaction zone, with the hydrocarbon feed and catalyst flowing in opposite directions. Once the catalyst has passed through the reaction zone, it is then passed to a regeneration zone for regeneration. The process eliminates the need of passing the hydrocarbon feed through a sulfur sorber prior to entry into the reaction zone, as the spent catalyst which is leaving the reaction zone for regeneration acts as a sulfur sorber and removes the sulfur from the feed entering the reaction zone.