摘要:
Apparatus and methods for forming battery-active materials are described. An apparatus for forming a battery active material may have a dispersion member, a plurality of radiant energy reactors, a humidity control member, and a particle separator. The components of the apparatus may be oriented vertically.
摘要:
Integrated liquid fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer and fuel cell systems can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units, each reactor unit including an elongate tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone, the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. The liquid fuel CPOX reformer also can include a vaporizer, one or more igniters, and a source of liquid reformable fuel. The hydrogen-rich reformate can be converted to electricity within a fuel cell unit integrated with the liquid fuel CPOX reactor unit.
摘要:
Nach der Erfindung ist ein Reaktor zur Freisetzung von Wasserstoff aus einer Wasserstoff tragenden, flüssigen Verbindung, mit einem Reaktorgefäß, das wenigstens einen Körper mit metallischer Trägerstruktur enthält, auf die eine feste, hochporöse Beschichtung aufgebracht ist, die katalytisch wirkende Substanzen für die Freisetzung von Wasserstoff aus der flüssigen, Wasserstoff tragenden Verbindung enthält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Körper mit metallischer Trägerstruktur mittels einer jouleschen Eigenheizung oder einer Induktionsheizung beheizbar ist.
摘要:
Apparatus for biochemical synthesis comprises a reaction vessel, a temperature control device for the reaction vessel, a plurality of reservoirs for reaction components, and a supply/withdrawal means, e.g. comprising reciprocating syringe pumps and switchable valves. Agitation of a reaction mixture is effected by withdrawing a part of the mixture from the reaction vessel and returning it thereto.
摘要:
Un dispositif d'oxydation hydrothermale pour le traitement d'une matière dans un milieu supercritique comprend un corps principal (2), un tube interne (8) placé à l'intérieur du corps principal (2) de manière à former une zone annulaire (10) le long du corps principal, un moyen d'agitation (14) placé dans la zone intérieure (12) du tube interne et actionné au moyen d'un arbre tournant, un moyen de réfrigération (18) pour refroidir la matière traitée se trouvant dans la zone intérieure (12) du tube interne (8), une entrée (32) pour un mélange eau et oxydant, une sortie des effluents, une entrée (16) de matière à traiter, située à une extrémité du corps principal, cette entrée débouchant dans le tube interne (8). Le dispositif d'oxydation comporte en outre une entrée (26) pour un effluent dilué, située dans la bride (4) et raccordée à un serpentin de préchauffe (28) disposé le long de la paroi interne du corps principal et s'étendant de sa première extrémité à sa deuxième extrémité, le serpentin de préchauffe (28) débouchant dans le tube interne (8).
摘要:
A method of hydrothermal processing of highly toxic substances, wastes and metal powders, comprises a batch processing cycle of at least following steps i. to viii: i. preparing a batch of highly toxic waste, substances and metal powders for processing; ii. applying precision dozing to the batch to obtain a mixture of the batch with water and at least one additional reagent in preset proportions; iii. feeding the mixture into a reactor; iv. spraying the mixture inside the reactor with a mechanical spray nozzle; v. supplying an additional oxidizing agent inside the reactor; vi. adjusting a temperature inside the reactor to above 374.2°C; vii. adjusting a pressure inside the reactor to above 21.8 MPa, thereby driving the water into supercritical condition and initiating a supercritical hydrothermal oxidation process; and viii. keeping the mixture in the reactor for a preset amount of time, and at the same time. The method further comprises removing a produced steam and hydrogen mixture from the reactor via a steam-gas unit and droplet separator into a wastewater condenser unit and a gas drainage pipe, and venting suspended solids through a bottom part of the reactor into a solids collector unit. The method then provides the steps of repeating the batch processing cycle after it has terminated; and monitoring and controlling the temperature and pressure inside the reactor via an Automatic Process Control System (APCS) during all steps.
摘要:
The method serves to control substances present in a liquid; a liquid mass is brought to temperature and pressure conditions such as to give rise to an appreciable evaporation of the liquid mass; at least one solid surface is arranged, in part inside the liquid mass and in part outside the liquid mass so as to establish at least a meniscus of the liquid on this solid surface; the shape and/or the size and/or the extension and/or the position and/or the temperature of this meniscus is controlled so that the evaporation of the liquid through said meniscus is controlled; any deposition of these substances is also controlled.
摘要:
The invention relates to apparatus and associated methods for conversion of silicon tetrachloride (STC) to trichlorosilane (TCS). The converter features a relatively thin annular heating zone surrounding a reaction chamber. Within the annular heating zone is a heating element that has an annular conformation about the reaction chamber. The design allows high convective heat transfer, which facilitates the use of lower heating element surface temperatures, prolonging the life of the equipment, reducing capital cost by allowing use of a smaller reactor, and greatly improving heating efficiency. A heat exchanger with a plurality of heat exchanger blocks provides further efficiency.
摘要:
The present disclosure provides tunable catalytic gasifier systems suitable for gasifying coal, biomass, and other fuel sources. The gasifier reactors of the disclosed systems may be heated by, e.g., a catalytic tube or other jacket that generates heat by catalytically combusting syngas, which syngas may be syngas produced by the gasifier system.