Abstract:
An oligomerization method of unsaturated hydrocarbons having double bonds, proceeding in a liquid phase, in an organic medium, in a mixture of substrates mutually exhibiting a double bond system of the [2+2], [4+2] or [2+4] type, using a reaction initiating agent, according to the invention, characterized in that at least one of the substrates has an ionization potential lower than 9.33 eV or a redox potential lower than 2.0 V, at least one of the substrates has at least one double bond involved in the reaction that is not part of an aromatic ring, wherein the other substrate can react via a double bond system of the aromatic ring, as long as it has an electron delocalization energy in the aromatic ring lower than 18 kj/mol per aromatic carbon atom in the structure of that compound, and a solid silver(ll) salt is used as the initiating agent, which leads to the formation of a radical cation from a substrate of a lower ionization energy, which then reacts with another substrate molecule without a deprotonation step for that radical cation, and then transforming the resulting adduct into a neutral molecule with the formation of another radical cation from a substrate of a lower ionization energy, which radical cation further reacts in solution according to the same mechanism, wherein the process is carried out at 270-350 K, preferably at room temperature, in an apparatus made of a material which is chemically inert and inert with respect to silver(ll) salts, preferably in an apparatus with an inner surface made of glass, quartz, fluoropolymers or stainless steel, into which are introduced substrates and an anhydrous organic solvent, which is chemically inert, also with respect to the silver(ll) salt, and then the silver(ll) salt is introduced as an initiating agent, after which the apparatus is closed and the reaction is carried out for at least 24 hours, preferably for at least 72 hours, and then the solid silver compounds are recovered from the post-reaction mixture and subjected to regeneration, and the liquid phase is separated into a light fraction of dimeric cycloaddition products and heavier fractions of oligomeric linear addition products, from which pure products or mixtures of isomeric products are isolated, for example by chromatographic methods. The invention provides an unsaturated hydrocarbon oligomerization method, including the cycloaddition of unsaturated hydrocarbons, which makes it possible to carry out, under ordinary pressure and temperature conditions, reactions between reactants commonly regarded as inert.
Abstract:
The invention provides an electro-optical modulator having: a mono-or multi-layered film of 2-dimensional semiconducting material having a layered crystal structure; and electrodes formed at each side of the semiconducting material, wherein the application of electrical potential to said electrodes and across said semiconducting material modulates the transmittance of light of certain wavelengths as a function of the voltage. Integrated photonic circuits and optical devices having such modulators are also provided.
Abstract:
According to the present invention a method which prevents excessive adsorption of microvesicles on the surfaces of tools used for sampling, storing and handling body flu- ids containing microvesicles is provided. The method comprises the steps of: selecting said a tool from the a list plurality of tools including but not limited to needles, blood tubing, blood bags, catheters, Eppendorf tubes, pipettes or the like, providing said tool from said plurality of tools, providing a source of positively and negatively charged particles of high density, selecting a source assuring for formation of positively and negatively charged particles of high density and treating a surface of said tool by applying short pulses of said source of particles next to or on the said surface of said tool to assure surface modification of said surface by reacting said positively and negatively charged particles of high density on said surface. The method according to the present invention ensures contacting of tools with short pulses of highly ionized gas comprising both positively and negatively charged particles, the pulses being essentially short enough to avoid excessive heating of materials used for collecting, sampling, storage, transport and isolation of micro vesicles and the density of both positively and negatively charged particles which is essentially high enough to cause roughening of said tools on sub-micrometer or nanometer scale. Especially tools treated according to the present inventive method prevents excessive adsorption of microvesicles on the surfaces of said tools used for collecting, sampling, storing, transporting and isolating of microvesicles or the like. The method according to the present invention enables higher yields and lower frag- mentation of microvesicles for instance by preventing adsorption of this valuable diag- nostic material on the surface of different tools used for isolation and detection. Accordingly, the present invention also provides increasing the roughness of a material by the method according to the present invention. In particular the material which is used to produce diagnostic or medical tools or devices. (Fig. 1)
Abstract:
A curable hybrid sol-gel composition includes the combination of: (a) a first sol comprising the combination of (i) a hydrolysable silicon alkoxide and (ii) a silicon alkoxide having a least one non-hydrolysable substituent bonded to the silicon atom; and (b) a second sol comprising the combination of (i) a hydrolysable metal oxide in which the central metal atom is selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Al, B, Sn, and V, and (ii) a (meth)acrylic acid-functional component. The cured composition is useful in a variety of compositions, e.g., as an anti-corrosion coating for metal substrates.
Abstract:
High performance thin-film, transistors entirely processed at temperatures not exceeding 150°C, using amorphous multi component dielectrics based on τ.he mixture of high band gap and high dielectric constant ( K) materials are presented in this invention. The invention relates to the use of sputtered or ink jet printed mixed dielectric materials such as Ta 2 O 5 with SiO 2 or Al 2 O 3 or HfO 2 with SiO 2 or Al 2 O 3 . These multicomponent dielectrics allow producing amorphous dielectrics to be introduced in high stable electronic devices with low leakage currents, while preserving a high dielectric constant. This results in producing thin film transistors with remarkable electrical properties, such as the ones produced based on Ga-In-Zn oxide as channel layers and where the dielectric was the combination of the mixture Ta 2 O 5 :SiO 2 , exhibiting field- effect mobility exceeding 35 cm 2 V -1 s -1 , close to 0 V turn- on voltage, on/off ratio higher than 10 6 and subthreshold slope below 0.24 V dec -1 .
Abstract translation:提出了使用基于τ高混合带隙和高介电常数(K)材料的非晶多组分电介质在温度不超过150℃完全处理的高性能薄膜晶体管 在本发明中。 本发明涉及溅射或喷墨印刷的混合电介质材料如Ta 2 O 5与SiO 2或Al 2 O 3的用途, 2 0 3或HfO 2:其中SiO 2或Al 2 O 3: /子>。 这些多组分电介质允许将非晶电介质引入具有低漏电流的高稳定电子器件中,同时保持高介电常数。 这导致生产具有显着电性能的薄膜晶体管,例如基于Ga-In-Zn氧化物制成的薄膜晶体管作为沟道层,并且其中电介质是混合物Ta 2 O 5:SiO 2 2,其场效应迁移率超过35cm 2·V -1 -1 s -1 sup> 接近于0V的导通电压,开/关比高于10-6,亚阈值斜率低于0.24V dec--1 sup>。 p>
Abstract:
The present invention relates to the use of a quasi-one-dimensional material with sub-micron cross-section described by the formula M 6 C y H Z , wherein M = transition metal, C = chalcogen, H = halogen, and wherein y and z are real numbers such that 8≤(y+z) ≤ 12, preferably 8≤ (y+z) ≤ 11. Said materials may be synthesized in a single-step procedure at temperatures above 1000 °C and used in electronic, chemical, optical or mechanical applications.
Abstract translation:本发明涉及具有亚微米横截面的准一维材料的用途,所述亚微米横截面由式M 6 C H Z 其中M =过渡金属,C =硫族元素,H =卤素,并且其中y和z是实数,使得8 =(y + z)= 12,优选8 =(y + z)= 11。 材料可以在高于1000℃的温度下以单步程序合成并用于电子,化学,光学或机械应用。
Abstract:
The present invention belongs to the field of nanotechnology, more precisely to the field of nanostructures formed by manipulation of individual atoms, molecules, and to manufacturing processes for providing said nanostructures. The invention relates to an apparatus for anodic oxidation of small metal grids, which comprises: − a housing comprising a bottom part and a top part arranged to receive a metal grid, wherein - each part is provided with an opening for allowing contact with an electrolyte, - one of the said parts is provided with a slot for receiving an electrical contact, said slot is arranged around the said opening, - at least one, preferably at least one, preferably both parts are provided with a slot for installation of a seal, preferably rubber seal, around the said opening, - each part having assembly means to assemble both housing parts together, − the electrical contact shaped as an elongated flat element with a circular head having a hole to receive the metal grid, said hole being slightly smaller than the metal grid to be anodized, wherein the elongated flat element is arranged to be connected to electricity, preferably using an alligator clip, and − preferably the metal grid, typically a TEM grid usually having a diameter or length up to 5 mm.
Abstract:
A cardan joint and a multi-axis positioning containing the same. The cardan joint comprising: a first yoke; and a second yoke. Wherein the first yoke and the second yoke are connected via a linkage. The cardan joint further comprising: a backlash adjusting mechanism, the backlash adjusting mechanism configured to reduce or increase an amount of backlash between the linkage and either the first yoke or the second yoke.
Abstract:
A method for growing carbon nanowalls on a substrate of an implantable medical device by means of a processing chamber is provided, said method comprising: providing said substrate in said processing chamber, evacuating said processing chamber to a processing pressure, entering a gas mixture inside the processing chamber, providing radicals inside said chamber and adsorbing said radicals on said substrate leading to growing of carbon nanowalls on said substrate.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method of producing liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) based components. The method comprises the steps of (i) providing or creating micro- sized or nano-sized LCE particles, (ii) dispersing the particles in an uncured liquid polymer, (iii) aligning the nematic directors of the particles and, (iv) shaping and curing the matrix/particles mixture. The composite material formed by this method is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal elastomer (PDLCE) with custom-tailored properties which can be shaped into arbitrary forms.