Abstract:
Online calibration of laser performance as a function of the repetition rate at which the laser is operated is disclosed. The calibration can be periodic and carried out during a scheduled during a non-exposure period. Various criteria can be used to automatically select the repetition rates that result in reliable in-spec performance. The reliable values of repetition rates are then made available to the scanner as allowed values and the laser/scanner system is then permitted to use those allowed repetition rates.
Abstract:
A method includes: producing a light beam made up of pulses having a wavelength in the deep -ultraviolet range, each pulse having a first temporal coherence defined by a first temporal coherence length and each pulse being defined by a pulse duration; for one or more pulses, modulating the optical phase over the pulse duration of the pulse to produce a modified pulse having a second temporal coherence defined by a second temporal coherence length that is less than the first temporal coherence length of the pulse; forming a light, beam of pulses at least from the modified pulses; and directing the formed light beam of pulses toward a substrate with in a lithography exposure apparatus.
Abstract:
A control system for controlling a laser, comprising a sensor for sensing a physical value indicative of a characteristic of a laser beam emitted by the laser, a switch, a first controller and a second controller. Each controller is configured, to receive a further sensor value from the sensor, adjust a received setpoint value based on the received further sensor value to give an output value and cause the laser to operate in accordance with the output value. The switch is configured to switch between the controllers such that output values are provided from each controller in a cyclic fashion.
Abstract:
A method of selecting a periodic modulation (401) to be applied to a variable of a radiation source, wherein the source delivers radiation for projection onto a substrate and wherein there is relative motion between the substrate and the radiation at a scan speed, the method including: for a set of system parameters and for a position on the substrate, calculating a quantity, the quantity being a measure of the contribution to an energy dose (403) delivered to the position that arises from the modulation being applied to the variable of the source, wherein the contribution to the energy dose is calculated as a convolution of: a profile of radiation (402), and a contribution to an irradiance of radiation delivered by the source; and selecting a modulation frequency at which the quantity for the set of system parameters and the position on the substrate satisfies a certain criteria.
Abstract:
A radiation source (33) configured to provide a radiation beam, the radiation source being controlled by a controller (32), the controller comprising a first feedback algorithm configured to process a signal (41) indicative of the radiation beam and control the radiation source in dependence on the received signal, wherein the controller is in communication with a processor (39), the processor being configured to receive an operating parameter (40a - 40e) of the radiation source, generate a second feedback algorithm based on the received operating parameter, and cause the controller to operate in accordance with the second feedback algorithm.
Abstract:
A method of controlling output of a radiation source, the method including: periodically monitoring an output energy of the radiation source; determining a difference between a reference energy signal and the monitored output energy; determining a feedback value; determining a desired output energy of the radiation source for a subsequent time period; and controlling an input parameter of the radiation source in dependence on the determined desired output energy during the subsequent time period. If the magnitude of the determined difference between the monitored output energy of the radiation source and the reference energy signal exceeds a threshold value: the determined difference does not contribute to the feedback value; and the determined difference is spread over the subsequent time period according to a reference energy signal adjustment profile and the reference energy signal adjustment profile is added to the reference energy signal for the subsequent time period.