Abstract:
Disclosed herein are gemini surfactants, and methods for making and using these gemini surfactants. These gemini surfactants may be incorporated in paints and coatings to provide hydrophilic and/or self-cleaning properties. Coatings and paints are routinely used to beautify and protect substrates. The most simple coatings and paints are made of a polymer (the binder) in a solvent (the vehicle), which is commonly called a lacquer. Paints and coatings modify the appearance of an object by adding color, gloss, or texture, and by blending with or differentiating from a surrounding environment.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a thermal conversion vessel (200) used during amidification step of acetone cyanohydrin (ACH), in the industrial process for production of a methyl methacrylate (MMA) or methacrylic acid (MAA). The thermal conversion vessel (200) is used for converting an hydrolysis mixture of α- hydroxyisobutyramide (HIBAM), α-sulfatoisobutyramide (SIBAM), 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE) and methacrylique acid (MAA), into a mixture of 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE). It comprises: - at least one compartment (C1, C2, C3,..Ci) comprising an inner wall (206a, 206b,... 206i) separating said compartment into two communicating parts (C1a, C1b) by a passage provided between the bottom of said vessel and said inner wall, - said compartment having a space above said inner wall, for separating gas phase from liquid phase during thermal conversion, - said compartment being connected to an outlet valve (204a, 204b,...204i). Such vessel allows obtaining a high yield thermal conversion in very safe conditions.
Abstract:
A multistage process for the preparation of methacrylic acid and esters thereof via the hydrolysis of ACH, cracking the hydrolysis products, and converting the cracked products to the desired acid or ester, wherein the average temperature in the first hydrolysis reactor is from 55 C to 70 C.
Abstract:
Disclosed are salts comprising triaminocyclopropenium cations and various anions, and ionic liquids comprising the salts. Also disclosed are intermediates and methods of preparing the salts. The ionic liquids are useful as, for example, solvents and electrolytes, and for gas storage.
Abstract:
Inhibitors of the phosphatase activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) are provided and are useful for in the treatment of diseases. These Inhibitors are based on derivatives of various epoxide hydrolase substrates that mimic the enzyme substrate so that there Is stable Interaction with the enzyme catalytic site. These inhibitors are potentially useful for the treatment of hypertension, vascular inflammation, renal inflammation, and lung disease.
Abstract:
A novel class of ionic liquids and methods for their preparation are disclosed. Specifically, these novel ionic liquids can be derived from anionic surfactants, such as alkyl aryl sulfonates, and mid-chain branched derivatives of alkyl sulfates, alkyl alkoxy sulfates, and alkyl aryl sulfonates. In addition, novel ionic liquids can be derived from other anionic surfactants, such as methyl ester sulfonates (MES), alkyl glycerol ether sulfonates, and alpha olefin sulfonates. Anions may be paired with a variety of cations to achieve various advantageous properties. The present invention also relates to compositions containing these novel ionic liquids and method of using the same.
Abstract:
Aspects of the present invention relate to compositions and methods for the use of ionic liquids with dissolved metal compounds as catalysts for a variety of chemical reactions. Ionic liquids are salts that generally are liquids at room temperature, and are capable of dissolving a many types of compounds that are relatively insoluble in aqueous or organic solvent systems. Specifically, ionic liquids may dissolve metal compounds to produce homogeneous and heterogeneous organometallic catalysts. One industrially-important chemical reaction that may be catalyzed by metal-containing ionic liquid catalysts is the conversion of methane to methanol.
Abstract:
The present invention is related to compound having general formula Z-OC (C Rn1Rn2) -CO-Z wherein Z = OH or NH2 and n1 = n2 =1 to useful for modulation of immune response by inducing differentiation of dendritic cells consisting novel class of amino acid derivatives (sulfonic acid / sulfate derivatives of naturally occurring amino acids, and their amides) of the general formula ZOC-CR3R4-CR2(NHR1)-COOH, ZOC-CR5R6-CR3R4-CR1(NHR2)-COOH, ZOC-CR7R8-CR5R6-CR3R4-CR1(NHR2)-COOH wherein Z=OH or NH2; R1 to R8 denotes H, SO3H, or OSO3H. In addition, the dicarboxylic acids and their amides ZOC-(CH2)n-CR1R2-COOH, where Z=OH or NH2; and n=1,2,3. The groups R1 / R2 =H / SO3H or OSO3H or CH2-SO3H or CH2-OSO3H and vice versa. The factors also contain different divalent metal cations such as Mg, Ca and Zn. The composition consists of varying amounts of the above amino acid / dicarboxylic acid derivatives or their pharmaceutically acceptable alkali / alkaline earth metal salts or their salts, the processes for the preparation of the aforesaid compounds useful for the differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells.