Abstract:
Novel Zr-based metal-organic framework (MOF) chemosensors useful for detection, recognition, removal, and separation of heavy metals are provided. Also provided are methods for preparation of the chemosensors and processes for detection, recognition, removal, and separation of heavy metals using the chemosensors.
Abstract:
A method for the detection of explosives using a single sample. The explosives include nitro aliphatic and nitro aromatic-based explosives. The method includes steps which require different pHs to discriminate between these types of explosives and at least in the detection step of the nitro aliphatic explosive requires the presence of a nitro aromatic compound. A kit for detecting explosives which includes a medium for collecting a sample, a base optionally impregnated on the medium; and a nitro aromatic solution for detecting a nitro aliphatic explosive by contacting the solution with the sample on the medium. A reagent including a nitro aromatic compound, having one or more additional electron withdrawing groups, in the presence of a basic compound usable for detecting nitro aliphatic explosives.
Abstract:
The invention provides a method and apparatus for determining the amount of various materials in a liquid sample. Because the apparatus is particularly resilient It can be used repeatedly with very harsh liquid samples such as boot water from an oil refinery. The apparatus uses at least one volume and/or concentration independent optical analysis method to determine at least one of: the pH, amount of chloride, and/or amount of iron in the sample. The optical property can be eolorimetrie, fluorescent, or both and result from adding dyes, complexlrsg agents, turbidity inducing compounds, and other optically effecting reagents to the sample. Because the measurements are concentration and volume independent they can be done continuously, quickly, and avoid the inconvenient start and stop procedures in prior art measurement regimens. The method further includes using a BDD cell to oxidize materials (such, as sulfoxy compounds) that would otherwise interfere with the optical analysis and/or to sparge the sample with gas.
Abstract:
Process for detecting a gaseous compound of BX3, HX or X2 type within a gas using a composition containing a probe molecule, characterized in that the probe molecule is a molecule for which the reaction with one or more compounds of BX3, HX or X2 type leads to a variation of at least one of its physicochemical properties, this variation being measurable via a suitable analysis technique, and in that the following steps are carried out in this order: (a) measurement of said physicochemical property of the probe molecule, such as a spectral property, (b) bringing the gas into contact with the composition containing the probe molecule from step (a), (c) repeat measurement of said physicochemical property, (d) correlation of the variation of said spectral property between steps (a) and (c) in the presence of said gaseous compound of BX3, HX or X2 type, wherein the measurement of the physicochemical property from step (a) is possibly a prior step, process for trapping gaseous compounds of BX3, HX or X2 type contained in a gas, material capable of reacting with at least one compound of BX3, HX or X2 type in gaseous form and sensor for compounds of BX3, HX or X2 type.
Abstract:
Provided herein are compounds or hypochlorous acid probes which can be used as reagents for measuring, detecting and/or screening, directly or indirectly, hypochlorous acid or hypochlorite. Provided also herein are methods that can be used to measure, directly or indirectly, the amount of hypochlorous acid or hypochlorite in chemical samples and biological samples such as cells and tissues in living organisms. Specifically, the methods include the steps of contacting the hypochlorous acid probes disclosed herein with the samples to form one or more fluorescent compounds, and measuring fluorescence properties of the fluorescent compounds. Provided also herein are high-throughput screening fluorescent methods for detecting or screening hypochlorous acid or compounds that can increase or decrease, directly or indirectly, the level of hypochlorous acid or hypochlorite in chemical and biological samples.
Abstract:
A method of separating at least a first non-fluorous compound from a mixture of compounds including at least the first non-fluorous compound and a second fluorous compound includes: charging the of compounds to a non-fluorous solid (stationary) phase and eluting with a fluorous eluting fluid (mobile phase). In one embodiment, the non-fluorous solid phase is polar in nature. The method can further include a second phase elution with a suitable organic solvent. A method conducting a chemical reaction, includes: mixing at least a first fluorous compound and a second compound, the first fluorous compound differing in fluorous nature from the second compound; exposing the first mixture to conditions to convert at least one of the first fluorous compound and the second compound to give a second mixture containing at least a third compound, charging the second mixture to a non-fluorous solid phase; and eluting with a fluorous fluid.
Abstract:
An apparatus and method for monitoring a source gas for detection of phosgene and/or chlorine dioxide therein, in which the source gas is filtered for removal of hydrogen sulfide and/or chlorine and/or hydrogen chloride prior to monitoring of the source gas by a gas sensor specific for phosgene or chlorine dioxide detection. The filter includes a support having Ag2O thereon, and when the source gas contains chlorine dioxide, chlorine also is present in the source gas prior to its filtration.
Abstract:
A fine particle containing a rare earth metal, characterized in that it is excited by a light having a wave length within the range of 500 nm to 2000 nm to undergo up-conversion light emission; and a fluorescent probe which comprises the fine particle containing a rare earth metal and a substance capable of bonding specifically with the fine particle containing a rare earth metal. The above fine particle can be exited by a light which does not adversely affect a material to be analyzed, and undergoes light emission with stability and with good efficiency.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an optical-chemical sensor that is suitable for continuos and discontinuous determination of chloride concentration in an aqueous sample and that comprises a luminescence indicator (I) and a polymer (H) carrying said luminescence indicator (I). The invention is characterized in that the luminescence indicator (I) is a non-lipophilic acridine or bisacridine compound and the polymer (H) is a hydrophilic linear-chain polymer soluble in an organic solvent, whereby the sensor can be excited with commercially available LEDs, it can be manufactured in very large numbers in a cost-effective and reproducible manner and it is preferably used for determining physiological chloride concentrations. Said sensor exhibits a wide dynamic measuring range for determining chloride, a high sensitivity, stability and reproducibility, a high selectivity for chloride and a low pH cross-sensitivity.