Abstract:
The invention provides a spark generator for generating a spark for optical emission spectroscopy (OES), wherein the spark has a current waveform comprising a first modulated portion which comprises a plurality of relatively high current and high gradient peaks of variable amplitude and/or inter-peak duration and a second modulated portion of relatively low current and low gradient which is substantially without modulated peaks. The spark is preferably generated from two or more programmable current sources. The invention also provides an optical emission spectrometer comprising the spark generator and a method of optical emission spectroscopy using the spark generator.
Abstract:
Disclosed is an optical spectroscopy device (1) and a method for the production thereof. The inventive device comprises at least one light source (8) and at least one integrated spectrometer (3). The optical components of the at least one spectrometer (3) are optical microcomponents (11, 13, 16, 19, 20, 21) which are integrated into the top and/or bottom side (9, 12) of a support plate (2). According to the inventive method, at least one light source (8) is arranged on a support plate (2) and at least one spectrometer (3) is monolithically produced in a three dimensionally integrated form on said support plate (2). The spectrometer produced according to the inventive method (3) is made from optical microcomponents (11, 13, 16, 19, 20, 21).
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an installation for in-line controlling and, in real time, a bath for the hot-dip coating of a metal sheet by means of a molten metal, in particular for controlling the chemical composition of the bath and the presence of dross on the surface of the bath, comprising an LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy) analysis system, a device for directing the laser beam onto the region to be analysed, a camera associated with a light source, so as to acquire an image of the bath at a point that it is desired to monitor the presence of dross, a control system, incorporated into a computer, for carrying out image processing, the storage of chemical analysis data using the aforementioned LIBS method, and the management of the movements of the laser beam and a system for warning an operator or a robotic mechanical device for removing dross from the surface of the bath.
Abstract:
Vacuum ultraviolet radiation detection apparatus (10) comprises a radiation detector (30) in a chamber (12). The detector (30) receives ultraviolet radiation from a radiation source (36). The chamber is evacuated using a dry vacuum pump (18) to a relatively poor vacuum of no less than 5 Pa. UV transparent gas is supplied from a gas supply (26), into the chamber (12) at a relatively low flow rate (around 0.1 litres/minute) so as to provide an overall pressure in the chamber (12) of between 100 and 1,000 Pa. The use of a relatively inexpensive pump coupled with a lower gas flow rate provides significant cost savings.
Abstract:
A spectrometry instrument, e.g., for time-resolved spectroscopy, has quick-change exchangeable accessories (48, 50, 52) which are manually attached via rotation of a camming means to engage and lock a stud member. A circuit element in each accessory (48, 50, 52), such as a resistor or a configured pin connection, acts to generate a voltage in the instrument that uniquely identifies which accessory is attached. A method for measuring a phosphorescence decay characteristic includes applying an excitation pulse to a sample (34); obtaining emission intensity data for a sequence of time delays following the excitation pulse; repeating for at least one further excitation pulse using a different sequence of time delays; and interleaving the data from different excitation pulses to construct a decay characteristic.
Abstract:
Improved devices, systems (14), and methods for sensing and/or identifying signals from within a signal detection region are well-suited for identification of spectral codes. Large numbers of independently identifiable spectral codes can be generated by quite small bodies (12a, 12b), and a plurality of such bodies or probes (12a, 12b) may be present within a detection region. Simultaneously imaging of identifiable spectra (60) from throughout the detection region allows the probes (12a, 12b) to be identified. As the identifiable spectra can be treated as being generated from a point source within a much larger detection field, a prism, diffractive grading, holographic transmissive grading, or the like (56) can spectrally disperse the images of the labels across a sensor surface. A CCD (18) can identify the relative wavelengths of signals making up the spectra. Absolute signal wavelengths may be determined by determining positions of the labels, by an internal wavelength reference within the spectra (60), or the like.
Abstract:
Characteristics of a flame within a turbine or burner are determined based upon ultraviolet, visible, and infrared measurements of the flame. The measurements include a measurement of the amplitute of frequency bands that are indicative of an efficient combustion process, such as those that increase when the flame temperature increases. The measurements also include of the amplitude of frequency bands that are indicative of an inefficient combustion process, such as those that do not vary, increase a relatively small amount, or decrease when the flame temperature increases. The temperature of the flame may therefore be determined accurately, to facilitate efficient operation of the turbine or burner while minimizing polluting emissions. A fiber structure, suitable for remote location of sensors and processing equipment passes energy for several spectra by providing a hollow core that passes infrared energy, in combination with a core of visible-transmissive material that passes visible or ultraviolet energy. Contaminants in the turbine or burner are detected, and a degree of contamination measured, by detection of energy levels for particular wavelengths associated with a respective contaminant.