Abstract:
Electrodes comprise: (A) a solid medium through which gas can diffuse, (B) at least one electrically conductive, carbonaceous material, (C) at least one organic polymer, (D) at least one compound of the general formula (I) M 1 a M 2 b M 3 c M 4 d H e O f , in particulate form, where the variables are each defined as follows: M 1 is selected from Mo, W, V, Nb and Sb, M 2 is selected from Fe, Ag, Cu, Ni, Mn and lanthanoids, M 3 is selected from B, C, N, Al, Si, P and Sn, M 4 is selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, NH 4 , Mg, Ca and Sr, a is in the range from 1 to 3, b is in the range from 0.1 to 10, c is in the range from 0 to 1, d is in the range from 0 to 1, e is in the range from 0 to 0.5, f is in the range from 1 to 28, and wherein the compound of the general formula (I) has a BET surface area in the range from 1 to 300 m 2 /g.
Abstract translation:电极包括:(A)气体可通过其扩散的固体介质,(B)至少一种导电碳质材料,(C)至少一种有机聚合物,(D)至少一种通式(I) M 1 aM 2 bM 3 cM 4 dH eO f,其中变量各自定义如下:M 1选自Mo,W,V,Nb和Sb,M 2选自Fe,Ag,Cu Ni,Mn和镧系元素,M 3选自B,C,N,Al,Si,P和Sn,M 4选自Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs,NH 4,Mg,Ca和Sr, a在1至3的范围内,b在0.1至10的范围内,c在0至1的范围内,d在0至1的范围内,e在0至0.5的范围内, f在1至28的范围内,并且其中通式(I)的化合物具有1至300m 2 / g的BET表面积。
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing modified zinc oxide nanoparticles, characterized in that the zinc oxide nanoparticles, which are dissolved in a solvent, are reacted in the presence of ammonia or amines with a tetraalkyl-orthosilicate, and optionally with an organosilane, under the proviso that the reaction takes place at a content of less than 5% by weight water, relative to the total quantity of solvent and water. Said production method can be used to obtain modified zinc oxide nanoparticles, which comprise Si-O-alkyl groups and can be solved in organic solvents. In addition, liquid or solid formulations containing modified ZnO nanoparticles can be obtained. Inanimate organic materials, such as plastics or paints, containing modified ZnO nanoparticles may also be obtained. The invention further relates to a method for stabilizing inanimate organic materials against the effects of light, radicals or heat, wherein modified ZnO nanoparticles, which optionally comprise UV absorbers and/or stabilizers as further additives, are added to the materials.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for producing a layer containing at least one semiconductive metal oxide on a substrate, comprising at least the following steps: (A) a porous layer comprising at least one semiconductive metal oxide is applied to a substrate, (B) the porous layer from step (A) is treated with a solution containing at least one precursor compound of the semiconductive metal oxide, so that the pores of the porous layer are at least partially filled with this solution, and (C) the layer obtained in step (B) is heat-treated in order to convert at least one precursor compound of the semiconductive metal oxide into the semiconductive metal oxide, wherein the at least one precursor compound of the at least one semiconductive metal oxide is selected in step (B) from the group comprising carboxylates of monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids or polycarboxylic acids with at least three carbon atoms or derivatives of monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids or polycarboxylic acids, alcoholates, hydroxides, semicarbazides, carbamates, hydroxamates, isocyanates, amidines, amidrazones, urea derivatives, hydroxylamines, oximes, oximates, urethanes, ammonia, amines, phosphines, ammonium compounds, nitrates, nitrides or azides of the relevant metal and mixtures thereof.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing modified ZnO particles in which a zinc salt and a base are mixed in a polar solvent and the polar solvent is optionally removed after precipitation of a precipitation product, resulting in a residue, wherein the residue is absorbed in a non-polar solvent, surface active substances are added, other active substances are optionally added and then the modified ZnO particles are separated from other byproducts. The invention also relates to materials such as plastics, varnishes or paints containing modified ZnO particles. The invention also relates to a method for incorporating modified ZnO particles into materials, wherein the modified ZnO particles are incorporated into the materials in the form of dispersions or suspensions, and to the use of modified ZnO particles for protecting materials against the effects of light, heat, oxygen or radicals, as catalysts, for semiconducting layers or for cosmetic uses.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a shell catalytic converter made of a hollow cylindrical carrier body having a length of 2 to 10 mm, an outer diameter of 4 to 10 mm, and a wall thickness of 1 to 4 mm, and shell made of a catalytically active oxide mass applied to the outer surface of the carrier body, said mass having the general formula (I): MO 12 V 2 to 4 W 0 to 3 CU 0,8 to 1,5 Χ 1 0 to 4 X 2 0 to 40 O n , where the variables having the following meanings: X 1 = one or more elements of the alkali and alkali earth metals; X 2 = one or more elements from group of Si, Al, Ti and Zr; and n = the stoichiometric coefficient of the element oxygen, which is determined by the stoichiometric coefficients of the elements other than oxygen and the charge numbers thereof in I.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a formulation containing at least one protective substance active in relation to materials containing cellulose, such as construction materials containing wood, in the form of solid wood or derived timber products, and at least one specific compound having dispersion properties. The dispersants are branched comb polymers with polyether side chains, naphthaline sulfonate formaldehyde condensation products, melamine sulfonate formaldehyde condensation products, and phosphated polycondensation products. The formulations according to the invention are especially suitable as plant protection and wood protection products and are preferably in the form of suspensions for the pressure treatment of the respective construction materials.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for producing a layer containing at least one semiconductive metal oxide on a substrate, comprising at least the steps of: (A) producing a solution containing at least one precursor compound of the at least one metal oxide selected from the group of carboxylates from monocarboxylic, dicarbonic, or polycarboxylic acids with at least three carbon atoms or derivatives of monocarboxylic, dicarbonic, or polycarboxylic acids, alcoholates, hydroxides, semicarbazides, carbamates, hydroxamates, isocyanates, amidins, amidrazones, carbamide derivatives, hydroxylamines, oximes, urethanes, ammonia, amines, phosphines, ammonium compounds, azides of the corresponding metal and compounds thereof, in at least one solvent; (B) application of the solvent of step (A) on the substrate; and (C) thermal treatment of the substrate of step (B) at a temperature of 20 to 200 degrees Celsius, in order to transfer the at least one precursor compound in at least one semiconductive metal oxide. In the event that in step (A), electrically neutral [(OH) x (NH 3 ) y Zn] z with x, y, and z independently from one another 0.01 to 10, is used as precursor compound, said precursor compound is obtained by conversion of zinc oxide or zinc hydroxide with ammonia; a substrate, which is coated with at least one semiconductive metal oxide, obtainable by said method; the application of said substrate in electronic components; and a method for producing electronically neutral [(OH) x (NH 3 ) y Zn] z with x, y, and z independently from one another 0.01 to 10, by conversion of zinc oxide and/or zinc hydroxide with ammonia.