摘要:
The present invention concerns an isothermal reactor (1) for carrying out exothermal or endothermal heterogeneous reactions comprising: - a substantially cylindrical outer shell (2) with longitudinal axis (X), - at least one catalytic bed (6) extending in the shell (2) and comprising opposite perforated side walls (7, 8) respectively for the inlet of a gaseous flow of reactants and for the outlet of a gaseous flow comprising reaction products, and - a heat exchange unit (12) immersed in said at least one catalytic bed (6) and crossed by a heat exchange fluid, characterised in that said heat exchange unit (12) comprises at least one succession of heat exchangers (13) arranged substantially parallel to each other and substantially parallel to the direction in which said at least one catalytic bed (6) is crossed by said gaseous flow of reactants.
摘要:
Ammonia is produced from a synthesis gas comprising nitrogen and hydrogen on a particulate catalyst in at least one reactor at pressures in the range of from 50 to 300 bar and temperatures in the range of 100 to 600 °C. A product mixture containing NH3 vapour is withdrawn from the reactor and cooled, thus condensing and separating out the ammonia. A circulation gas is thus produced, which is mixed with fresh synthesis gas and then returned to the reactor as synthesis gas. Unreacted synthesis gas is fed through a first catalytic bed with no cooling tubes and then, as part-reacted synthesis gas, with a NH3 content of 5 to 20 vol. %, through a heat exchanger as the heating fluid. Part-reacted synthesis gas is fed through at least one further catalyst bed, with cooling tubes running therethrough. Unreacted synthesis gas is fed through the cooling tubes of the further catalytic bed as cooling gas and cooling gas, heated to 300 to 500 °C, is fed to the first catalytic bed. The cooling tubes and the further catalytic bed flow co-currently.
摘要:
A reactor and process for using same, for containing a solid catalyst for heterogeneous gas-phase reactions into which reactor there extends at least one inlet pipe for a molecular oxygen-containing gas which has means for surrounding a substantial portion of the pipe in the reactor with an inert fluid and optionally also has means for suppressing ingress to the inlet pipe from the reactor of flame, reagents, products, catalyst or combinations thereof. The reactor and process are particularly suitable for fluid bed reactions.
摘要:
The invention concerns a reactor (R) for chemical conversion in the presence of a gas diluent comprising between an upper end and a lower end a substantially vertical catalytic bed (3a, 3b, 3c) and comprising in combination proximate to its upper end at least means (9) for introducing a solid catalyst, means for introducing (1) and evacuating (2) said feedstock enabling its substantially horizontal circulation across the catalytic bed (3a, 3b, 3c), proximate to its lower end catalyst extracting means (7a, 7b, 7c, 8a, 8b, 8c), at least means for heating (4a, 4b) said feedstock to which said diluent has been added, said means (4a, 4b) being internal to the reactor (R) and traversed by said diluent-added feedstock in the absence of the catalyst, and separating the catalytic bed (3a, 3b, 3c) into an upstream part and a downstream part at said heating means (4a, 4b) relative to the feedstock circulating direction, comprising at least means for introducing a stream of said gas diluent (10a, 10b, 10c) substantially proximate to at least one of the upper and/or lower ends of said upstream part of the catalytic bed (3a, 3b), so as to at least reduce bypassing of said heating means by said diluent-added feedstock.
摘要:
The invention is a continuous process for the preparation of polytrimethylene ether glycol from 1,3-propanediol reactant. In addition, the invention is directed to a continuous multi-stage process comprising reacting at least one reactant in a liquid phase in an up-flow column reactor, and forming a gas or vapor phase by-product wherein the gas or vapor phase by-product is continuously removed at the top and at least one intermediate stage.
摘要:
Le dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé comprend : une enveloppe (1) dans laquelle débouchent les arrivées de gaz disposées de manière à former des motifs répétitifs de mélange élémentaire (3, 4, 6, 8) et un élément rigide (5) à l'intérieur de la chambre (2), les amenées de gaz débouchant dans la zone annulaire délimitée par ledit élément rigide (5). Le procédé et le dispositif s'appliquant notamment au cas de la dépollution.
摘要:
Improved design of a catalytic method and reactor for the production of methanol at equilibrium conditions whereby methanol as it is formed is separated from the gaseous phase into the liquid phase within the reactor without reducing the catalytic activity of the methanol catalyst. This is achieved by adjusting the boiling point or temperature of a liquid cooling agent being in indirect contact with the catalyst particles and by providing a specific ratio of catalyst bed volume to cooling surface area. Thereby, condensation of methanol as it is formed in the gaseous phase takes place for the most at the cooling surface arranged evenly distributed within the reactor and if at all within a very limited region of the catalyst bed.