摘要:
A method of inhibiting or retarding formation of hydrates from water and a lower alkane, such as methane or ethane, involves adding additives which comprise (i) a corrosion inhibitor and (ii) a salt which is of formula [R?1(R2)XR3]+Y-¿, wherein each of R?1, R2 and R3¿ is bonded directly to X, each of R?1 and R2¿, which may be the same or different is an alkyl group of at least 4 carbons, X is S, NR?4 or PR4¿, wherein each of R?3 and R4¿ which may be the same or different represents hydrogen or an organic group, with the proviso that at least one of R?3 and R4¿ is an organic group of at least 4 carbons, and Y is an anion, the additives being added in an amount effective to inhibit or retard hydrate formation, to a medium susceptible to hydrate formation.
摘要:
Non-sulphurised overbased metal salts of sulphur-free calixarenes having a substituent hydroxyl group or groups available for reaction with metal base and their preparation are claimed. The salts are useful as additives to lubricating oils by reason of their acids neutralisation capability, their detergent and their antioxidant properties.
摘要:
Solid membranes comprising an intimate, gas-impervious, multi-phase mixture of an electronically-conductive material and an oxygen ion-conductive material and/or a mixed metal oxide of a perovskite structure are described. Electrochemical reactor cells and reactors are also described for transporting oxygen from any oxygen-containing gas to any gas that consumes oxygen. The reactor cells generally comprise first and second zones separated by the solid membrane. The reactor cell may further comprise a catalyst in the first zone. Processes described which may be conducted with the disclosed reactor cells and reactors include, for example, the partial oxidation of methane to produce unsaturated compounds or synthesis gas, the partial oxidation of ethane, extraction of oxygen from oxidized gases, ammoxidation of methane, etc. The extraction of oxygen from oxidized gases may be used for flue or exhaust gas clean-up.
摘要:
The surface area of a zinc oxide composition is increased, and stabilized to heating, by incorporation of a tri or tetravalent metal, especially aluminium or gallium, e.g. in the form of a spinel with the zinc oxide. The composition is preferably made by coprecipitation of zinc and a compound of said metal and then calcination. The zinc oxide composition may also incorporate a Group VIII metal and be used as a catalyst for a Fischer Tropsch process.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for separating extractable organic material from a composition comprising organic material intermixed with solids and water. The composition is contacted with a solvent and a dehydrating agent. The dehydrating agent removes water, improves the solvent extraction, and aids in later separation of the solids from the solvent. The process additionally provides a means for removing cyanide compounds from the composition and fixating the metals against leaching.
摘要:
Un catalyseur à base de cobalt s'utilisant dans la réation de Fischer et Tropsch d'un gaz de synthèse, afin d'obtenir des hydrocarbures, est activé ou régénéré par traitement du catalyseur contenant du cobalt avec un gaz contenant du monoxyde de carbone, ledit gaz contenant moins de 30 % de volume d'hydrogène. Le catalyseur obtenu possède une efficacité améliorée, ainsi q'une sélectivité supérieure dans la production d'hydrocarbures C5+.