Abstract:
A method and apparatus for measuring properties of a liquid composition includes a mechanical resonator, such as a thickness shear mode resonator or a tuning fork resonator, connected to measurement circuit. The measurement circuit provides a variable frequency input signal to the tuning fork, causing the mechanical resonator to oscillate. To test the properties of a liquid composition, the mechanical resonator is placed inside a sample well containing a small amount of the liquid. The input signal is then sent to the mechanical resonator and swept over a selected frequency range, preferably less than 1 MHz to prevent the liquid being tested from exhibiting gel-like characteristics and causing false readings. The mechanical resonator's response over the frequency range depends on various characteristics of the liquid being tested, such as the temperature, viscosity, and other physical properties.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus for screening diverse arrays of materials using infrared imaging techniques are provided. Typically, each of the individual materials on the array will be screened or interrogated for the same material characteristic. Once screened, the individual materials may be ranked or otherwise compared relative to each other with respect to the material characteristic under investigation. According to one aspect, infrared imaging techniques are used to identify the active sites within an array of compounds by monitoring the temperature change resulting from a reaction. This same technique can also be used to quantify the stability of each new material within an array of compounds. According to another aspect, identification and characterization of condensed phase products is achieved, wherein library elements are activated by a heat source serially, or in parallel. According to another aspect, a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer is used to rapidly characterize a large number of chemical reactions contained within a combinatorial library.
Abstract:
The present invention discloses an apparatus and method for rapid analysis of members of a combinatorial library. The apparatus includes a plurality of reactor vessels for containing individual library members, a fluid handling system that apportions a test fluid about equally between each of the vessels and a housing for enclosing the reactor vessels, the housing defining a pressure chamber, wherein the housing is configured to sustain a pressure substantially above atmospheric pressure. This allows for simultaneous screening of library members at high pressure by providing a small pressure differential on reactor components. The disclosed apparatus is especially useful for screening library members based on their ability to catalyze the conversion of fluid reactants.
Abstract:
Computer-implemented methods, system and apparatus, including computer program apparatus, provide techniques for designing a set of experiments to be performed with a set of resources. A plurality of experimental configurations (800) are generated based on a set of parameters describing factors to be varied in the experiments and a set of constraints representing limitations on operations that can be performed with the set of resources. A set of experiments is defined based on a selected configuration. The constraints can be represented as patterns (810) defining an application of a parameter to a set of one or more points of an experimental lattice.
Abstract:
A method of characterizing materials comprising the steps of: providing a substrate; synthesizing an array of materials on said substrate; providing at least one reactant gas wherein said reactant gas is in contact with said array of materials; activating at least one of said materials on said array with a heating source; and periodically monitoring an infrared emission from said activated material with an infrared camera, wherein said infrared camera outputs a series of signals corresponding to an emission intensity varying with time of said activated material.
Abstract:
The present invention is directed to the preparation of photoresist polymers via living free radical polymerization techniques. Sterically bulky ester monomers are utilized as the polymerization components. Use of chain transfer agents is included in polymerization processing conditions. Cleavage of polymer terminal end groups that include a heteroatom are described.
Abstract:
A parallel, semi-continuous or continuous reactor comprising four or more semi-continuous or continuous reaction vessels for containing a liquid reaction mixture, each of the four or more reaction vessels having a volume of not more than about 1 liter, at least four liquid feed lines in selectable fluid communication with each of the four or more reaction vessels, each of the at least four liquid feed lines being in fluid communication with one or more liquid reagent source vessels, each of the at least four liquid feed lines comprising at least a first section and a second section in fluid communication with each other, the second section being releasably connected with the first section and having a distal end positioned within one of the reaction vessels.
Abstract:
Apparatus for parallel processing of multiple reaction mixtures, said apparatus comprising a reactor having an exterior surface, one or more vessels in the reactor for holding said reaction mixtures, each vessel having a central longitudinal axis, a cannula having a longitudinal axis, a distal end, and a port generally adjacent said distal end for transfer of said reaction material to or from the cannula, one or more cannula passages in the reactor extending between said exterior surface of the reactor and said one or more vessels, the one or more cannula passages being adapted for insertion of the cannula through a selected cannula passage and into a respective vessel, and for withdrawal of the cannula from the selected cannula passage and respective vessel, and a sealing mechanism in each cannula passage for sealing against leakage of gas therepast when the cannula is inserted into or withdrawn from the selected cannula passage, wherein said sealing mechanism comprises a valve movable between a closed position for closing the cannula passage and an open position permitting movement of the cannula past the valve, and a seal in the passage sealingly engageable with the cannula when the valve is in its open position.