摘要:
A method of conducting a process involving the generation of steam in which a hot process stream is generated. The hot process stream can be generated in any manner and can include a burner section of a steam methane reformer, a gas turbine of an integrated combined cycle, a combustion chamber used to pre-heat incoming air and oxygen for a blast furnace, an oxygen transport membrane system, and a gas turbine or natural gas engine that provided to compress air in a cryogenic air separation unit. Heat from the hot process stream is transferred to a thermoacoustic engine to recover work at high temperatures and to generate an intermediate temperature process stream therefrom. The intermediate temperature process stream is introduced to a steam generator to generate the steam.
摘要:
A cryogenic rectification system wherein some or all of the refrigeration necessary to drive the rectification is generated by providing a pulse to a gas and then passing the compressed gas to a pulse tube wherein the gas expands in a wave generating refrigeration at one end of the pulse tube for transfer into the rectification system.
摘要:
A cryogenic vessel system for containing cryogenic fluid wherein heat leak into the vessel interior is counteracted by refrigeration generated from energy provided by a pulse generator.
摘要:
An oxygen separator and method for separating oxygen from a heated oxygen containing gas that employs oxygen-selective ceramic membranes of elongated, tubular configuration within a duct for separation of oxygen from a heated gas. The duct can be attached between the exhaust of a gas turbine and a power generator driven by the exhaust or can be connected to one or more burners of a gas turbine. Supplementary compressed feed air may be added at a flow rate at least equal to that of the permeated oxygen for cooling and flow balancing purposes. A purge stream can also be introduced. Additionally, combustor tubes fabricated from an oxygen-selective ceramic membrane material may also be provided to produce combustion products that in turn can be used as a purge for downstream oxygen-selective ceramic membranes.
摘要:
A process for inhibiting the formation of carbon and/or coke from a carbon-containing reactive gas stream on the permeate side of an oxygen ion transport membrane, or for increasing the oxygen partial pressure thereon, by separating a feed gas stream to form an oxygen-depleted gas stream on the retentate side and a gas stream containing oxygen reaction products on the permeate side. The permeate side is purged with the carbon-containing reactive gas stream, and at least a portion of the exhaust gas stream formed from the reaction of the reactive gas stream with the separated oxygen is recirculated to purge the permeate side.
摘要:
A process for producing an oxidized product in conjunction with a turbine for generating power. This process comprises contacting a compressed and heated oxygen-containing gas stream with at least one solid electrolyte oxygen selective ion transport membrane in a membrane reactor. A reactant is passed into the reactor to generate an oxidized product therefrom. Oxygen-depleted retentate stream from the reactor is added to a gas turbine combustor and expanded in a gas turbine to generate power.
摘要:
A method of firing a heat consuming device such as a boiler or furnace in which an oxygen transport membrane is integrated with the device such that part of the permeated oxygen supports an initial combustion to heat the incoming air to the oxygen transport membrane system. A remaining portion of the oxygen after having been diluted with flue gases from the boiler supports a secondary combustion of fuel within the heat consuming device.
摘要:
Methane is formed into synthesis gas through a combination of a partial oxidation reaction and a steam reforming reaction. Oxygen for the partial oxidation reaction is obtained by contacting air with an oxygen transport membrane and recovering the oxygen transported through the membrane. To increase the oxygen flux through the membrane, steam is utilized as a sweep gas on the anode side of the membrane. The steam reduces the oxygen partial pressure on the anode side increasing the flux. The efficiency and cost benefit of the process is enhanced by utilizing in-line combustors to heat gases being delivered to the oxygen transport membrane. Membrane integrity is enhanced by conducting the reactions in a reactor that is remote from the oxygen transport membrane.
摘要:
A process to generate an enhanced output of a desired product from an ion transport reactor utilizes the reaction products from both the cathode side and the anode side of an oxygen selective ion transport ceramic membrane. An oxygen donating first feed stream containing the desired product in a chemically bound state is delivered to the cathode side while an oxygen accepting second feed stream is delivered to the anode side. Following chemical reactions on both the cathode side and the anode side, a desired product is recovered from a first product stream exiting from the cathode side and from a second product stream exiting from the anode side such that the sum of the desired product contained within the two product streams exceeds that attainable from either product stream alone.
摘要:
A process for producing synthesis gas and hydrogen by passing a compressed and heated oxygen-containing gas mixture into a reactor having at least one solid electrolyte oxygen ion transport membrane to separate transported oxygen Organic fuel reacts with the oxygen to form synthesis gas. The resulting synthesis gas is separated into hydrogen gas through at least one solid electrolyte hydrogen transport membrane to separate the transported hydrogen in the same or different separator.