摘要:
The invention relates to a process for producing a particle-stabilized metal foam from a composite capable of acting as a precursor composite for the metal foam. The precursor composite is formed by heating a matrix metal, e.g. aluminum or an aluminum alloy, above its liquidus temperature to form a liquid matrix metal, adding to the liquid matrix metal stabilizer particles capable of remaining dispersed within the matrix metal, e.g. MgO particles preferably in the form of agglomerates of particles and some fine particles, and mixing the liquid matrix metal and stabilizer particles under a covering gas, e.g. air, in such a way that bubbles of the gas, as well as the stabilizing particles, are dispersed throughout the matrix metal. The precursor composite can then be foamed by the introduction of a gas by a known technique to form a particle-stabilized metal foam. The entrainment of gas bubbles means that a microporosity may be introduced into some of the cell walls of the composite, which is retained when the composite is transformed into a metal foam. The foam product has improved crush and machining properties.
摘要:
A fuel cell stack (10) comprises a plurality of fuel cells each with a chamber (K) for electrolyte with at least one inlet and at least one outlet, and at least one header (30) to supply electrolyte to all the cells in parallel, and means (14) to collect electrolyte that has flowed through the cells. For each cell, the electrolyte outlets (34) feed into an electrolyte flow channel arranged such that in use there is a free surface of electrolyte within the electrolyte flow channel, the electrolyte flow channel being separate from the corresponding electrolyte flow channels for other cells, but such that the free surfaces of all the electrolyte flow channels are at a common pressure. Electrolyte is maintained at a constant depth in this open flow channel by a weir (38), and then flows over the weir to trickle or drip down the outside of the stack. This ensures uniform outlet electrolyte pressure throughout the stack (10) and across the individual cells, and avoids or reduces ionic leakage currents through the electrolyte outlets.
摘要:
The invention relates to a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell with a proton-conducting membrane two catalyst layers adjoining both sides of the membrane, wherein the catalyst layers have an electrically conductive base material and at least one catalytic material deposited on the base material, and two gas diffusion layers adjoining the catalyst layers. The membrane and/or at least one of the catalyst layers and/or at least one of the gas diffusion layers includes at least one hydrogenatable material capable of binding hydrogen in a reversible exothermic hydrogenation operation by forming a hydride, depending on the temperature and/or pressure. The hydrogenatable material can be distributed in the gas diffusion layer and/or in the catalyst layer or can be present as a separate layer on at least one side of the gas diffusion electrode or the membrane.
摘要:
A microcontroller system includes a microcontroller, which is able to be switched over between a state having high power consumption and a state having restricted power consumption, a status register, a timer and a first logic assembly that is connected to the timer and the status register, and, in response to receiving a time-out signal from the timer, causes a transition of the microcontroller from the state of restricted power consumption to the state of high power consumption, if the content of the status register has a first specified value.
摘要:
In one embodiment a dosage form comprises at least one active ingredient and a molded matrix which comprises 10-100% of a material having a melting point of less than about 100 degrees C. selected from the stamp consisting of thermoplastic polyalkylene oxides, low melting hydrophobic materials, thermoplastic polymers, thermoplastic starches and combinations thereof, and the matrix is capable of providing modified release of the active ingredient upon contacting of the dosage form with a liquid medium. The dosage form may additionally comprise uncoated particles which may contain at least one active ingredient. In another embodiment, a dosage form comprises at least one active ingredient, a plurality of particles and a molded matrix, wherein at least a portion of the particles are coated. The coated particles, the matrix or both may comprise at least one active ingredient, and the coated particles or the matrix or a combination thereof is capable of providing modified release of the active ingredient upon contacting of the dosage form with a liquid medium.
摘要:
A method for protecting a microcomputer system against manipulation of data stored in a storage arrangement of the microcomputer system, in particular for protecting a program stored in the storage arrangement. The microcomputer system includes a microcomputer assigned to the storage arrangement, the microcomputer accessing the storage arrangement for the purpose of processing the data, i.e., the program. In order to prevent the manipulation of data in a microcomputer that does not have an internal memory but rather accesses an external storage arrangement and processes the stored data, it is proposed that before the storage arrangement is accessed, an individual identifier be assigned to the or to each allocated microcomputer or to the storage arrangement that a comparison code be generated as a function of the individual identifier and be stored in the storage arrangement, and that, before or during the operation of the microcomputer system, a security code be generated as a function of the individual identifier and be compared with the comparison code.
摘要:
There is provided an optical imaging device (18) for splitting an initial image into at least two images with different optical characteristics. The device comprises a dichroic mirror (32) to create first and second optical pathways respectively incident on first and second mirrors (41, 41′) carried on a centrally pivoted rotatable arm, characterised in that the first and second reflective means are moveable along the arm (42) whilst held in fixed relationship to each other, thereby to adjust separation of the first and second optical pathways. A third mirror (46) in fixed relationship to the beam splitter (32) is positioned adjacent where the first and second optical pathways intersect, or just before the intersection of the first and second optical pathways, or just after the point of intersection.
摘要:
Apparatus for illuminating an object comprising a first polarising beamsplitter (2) which produces a first linearly polarised component (3) and an orthogonally polarised component (5). The two components (3, 5) are focussed onto a liquid crystal device (7) having an array of electronically controllable pixel elements each of which is bistable in that it is electronically controllable to occupy either a first state in which the plane of polarisation of the light incident on the pixel is rotated by up to 90° or a second state in which the plane of polarisation is not changed. The two light beams from the device (7) are incident on a second polarising beamsplitter (13) which recombines the incident beams into two composite beams one of which represents light rotated by the “on” pixels of the device (7), and this combined beam is refocussed onto the object.
摘要:
A dosage form comprises an active ingredient and a confectionery composition. In one embodiment the relative standard deviation of the weight of the dosage form is less than 1%, and the dosage form has at least one face. In another embodiment, a dosage form comprising an active ingredient and a confectionery composition wherein the dosage form has at least one face, does not have a free formed surface, and has a mean polarized light transmission at the angle of maximum extinction which is not greater than the mean polarized light transmission of the dosage form at the angle of maximum transmission. The active ingredient may be a pharmaceutically active agent.
摘要:
A Method and an apparatus for providing control parameters to or within a control system for controlling a fuel injection system are described. The method is characterized in that a plurality of control parameters is transmitted to storage means (810) within the control system by transmission means (850). The transmitted control parameters are stored within the storage means (810). Selection parameters are transmitted to selection means (800) within the control system by transmission means (840). Stored control parameters are selected in accordance with transmitted selection parameters by the selection means (800). And the selected parameters are utilized for controlling elements within the control system. The apparatus is in particular eligible for usage with a inventive method and is characterized in that a control unit (D) and an activation IC (E) are connected to each other by transmission means (840, 850). Storage means (810) are implemented in the activation IC (E). And selection means (800) are implemented in the activation IC (E).