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    Offswitching of liquid metal arc switching device by internal current diversion to an auxiliary electrode
    5.
    发明授权
    Offswitching of liquid metal arc switching device by internal current diversion to an auxiliary electrode 失效
    液态金属切换装置通过内部电流分流到辅助电极

    公开(公告)号：US3699384A

    公开(公告)日：1972-10-17

    申请号：US3699384D

    申请日：1971-09-07

    Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT CO

    Inventor： ECKHARDT WILFRIED O

    IPC: H01J13/00 ,  H01H9/54 ,  H01H36/00 ,  H01J13/04 ,  H01J7/24 ,  H01J13/06

    CPC classification number: H01J13/04 ,  H01H2009/523 ,  H01J2893/0089

    Abstract: An enclosed vessel containing one or more anodes, a main cathode, one or more auxiliary cathodes, and means for maintaining a low pressure in the tube comprises a liquid-metal arc switching device. The main cathode is fed with a metal which is liquid at convenient temperatures, so that limited quantities of the metal are present and available on the cathode for arcing. The interior of the vessel is maintained at a low background pressure so that, during nonconduction, vacuum space insulation is provided between the anodes and the cathodes. Arc initiation is accomplished by any convenient initiator, and the arc runs upon the small amount of liquid metal fed at an appropriate rate to the main cathode. For arc extinction, at least one auxiliary cathode is positioned within the envelope.

    Abstract translation: 包含一个或多个阳极，主阴极，一个或多个辅助阴极和用于在管中保持低压的装置的封闭容器包括液体 - 金属电弧切换装置。 主阴极在方便的温度下供给液体的金属，因此在阴极上存在有限量的金属并可用于电弧。 容器的内部保持在低的背景压力，使得在非导电期间，在阳极和阴极之间提供真空空间绝缘。 通过任何方便的引发剂实现电弧引发，并且电弧在以适当速率供给至主阴极的少量液态金属上运行。 对于消弧，至少一个辅助阴极位于封套内。

    Electrical switch device having a fed liquid-metal cathode and a non-intercepting anode
    6.
    发明授权
    Electrical switch device having a fed liquid-metal cathode and a non-intercepting anode 失效

    公开(公告)号：US3668453A

    公开(公告)日：1972-06-06

    申请号：US3668453D

    申请日：1970-07-01

    Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT CO

    Inventor： LIAN KENNETH T ,  KNECHTLI RONALD C

    IPC: H01J13/04 ,  H01J1/10 ,  H01J7/16

    CPC classification number: H01J13/04 ,  H01J2893/0089

    Abstract: The electrical switch device has an envelope in which is mounted a liquid-metal cathode, an anode, and a condenser. The cathode is capable of very high electron-to-atom emission ratio. A desirable value for the electron-to-atom emission ratio is on the order of 100 or more and is attainable by means of a cathode such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,475,636, when used in the switch device. The condenser has a very much larger area than the exposed liquid metal area on the cathode, and it is kept at a low enough temperature to efficiently condense the liquid-metal vapor emitted by the cathode. With mercury used as the liquid metal, the condenser temperature is kept substantially below 0* C., preferably at about -35* C. which is just above the melting point of mercury. When arcing occurs from the liquid metal, a plasma jet of electrons, ions, and neutral particles is emitted from the arc spot. The anode is mounted between the cathode and the condenser, and it is positioned at the edge of the plasma jet to capture the major portion of the electron flow for electrical conduction. Most of the ions and neutral particles as well as a sufficient number of electrons to preserve space-charge and current neutrality, pass the anode in the plasma jet and are captured on the condenser. The combination of the high electronto-atom emission ratio of the cathode with the large, lowtemperature condenser results in an equilibrium background pressure (i.e., pressure outside the plasma jet) of at least as low as 10 3 Torr during arcing, and lower than 10 4 Torr during non-arcing periods. These low pressures are obtained by maintaining the condenser in the range of low temperatures defined above. This low background pressure, in turn, permits the essentially unperturbed propagation of the plasma jet between the cathode and the surfaces upon which it impinges, i.e., condenser and anode. Such a discharge mode is commonly referred to as a ''''vacuum arc.'''' The fact that the plasma jet is emitted only during arcing, and that the pressure within the space surrounding this jet is kept low, results in the ability to hold off electric fields up to 50 kV per centimeter between anode and cathode immediately after cessation of arcing.

    Electrical switch device having a fed liquid-metal cathode and partially intercepting anode
    7.
    发明授权
    Electrical switch device having a fed liquid-metal cathode and partially intercepting anode 失效

    公开(公告)号：US3662205A

    公开(公告)日：1972-05-09

    申请号：US3662205D

    申请日：1970-07-02

    Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT CO

    Inventor： LIAN KENNETH T

    IPC: H01J13/04 ,  H01J1/10

    CPC classification number: H01J13/04 ,  H01J2893/0089

    Abstract: The electrical switch device has an envelope in which is mounted a liquid-metal cathode, an anode, and a condenser. The cathode is capable of very high electron-to-atom emission ratio. A desirable value for the electron-to-atom emission ratio is on the order of 100 or more and is attainable by means of a cathode such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,475,636. The condenser has a very much larger area than the exposed liquid metal area on the cathode, and it is kept at a low enough temperature to efficiently condense the liquid-metal vapor emitted by the cathode. With mercury used as the liquid metal, the condenser temperature is kept substantially below 0* C., preferably at about -35* C. which is just above the melting point of mercury. When arcing occurs from the liquid metal, a plasma jet of electrons, ions, and neutral particles is emitted from the arc spot. The anode is mounted between the cathode and the condenser, and it partially intercepts the plasma jet. The combination of the high electron-to-atom emission ratio of the cathode with the large, low-temperature condenser results in an equilibrium background pressure (i.e., pressure outside the plasma jet) of at least as low as 10 3 Torr during arcing, and lower than 10 4 Torr during non-arcing periods. These low pressures are obtained by maintaining the condenser in the range of low temperatures defined above. This low background pressure, in turn, permits the essentially unperturbed propagation of the plasma jet between the cathode and the surfaces upon which it impinges, i.e., condenser and anode. Such a discharge mode is commonly referred to as a ''''vacuum arc.'''' The fact that the plasma jet is emitted only during arcing, and that the pressure within the space surrounding this jet is kept low, results in the ability to hold off electric fields up to 50 kV per centimeter between anode and cathode immediately after cessation of arcing.

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