摘要:
Provided is a technology of carrying out activation annealing of n type impurity ions implanted for the formation of a field stop layer (n+ type semiconductor region) and activation annealing of p type impurity ions implanted for the formation of a collector region (p+ type semiconductor region) in separate steps to adjust an activation ratio of the n type impurity ions in the field stop layer to 60% or greater and an activation ratio of the p type impurity ions in the collector region to from 1 to 15%. This makes it possible to form an IGBT having a high breakdown voltage and high-speed switching characteristics. Moreover, use of a film stack made of nickel silicide, titanium, nickel and gold films for a collector electrode makes it possible to provide an ohmic contact with the collector region.
摘要:
A valve-actuator for a hydraulic valve includes a valve chamber, ports spaced mutually and opening into the chamber, a spool axially located in the chamber for opening and closing hydraulic connections between at least two of the ports as the spool moves axially in the chamber. An actuator includes a housing having mutually spaced surfaces, and a piezoelectric element located in the housing between the surfaces, the element expanding and contracting in response to an electric signal applied to the element. A temperature compensation and motion damping circuit comprising feedback resistors and a thermistor. The spool moves axially in the chamber in response to expansion and contraction of the element.
摘要:
A method of testing a friction component for a transmission that has first and second parts. The first part of the friction component is attached to a drive shaft and the second part is attached to a grounding element. The first part of the friction component is rotated until the drive shaft and the first part of the friction component rotate at a target sliding speed Vtarget. An actuation force is applied to the friction component at a time t0. Operation of the motor drive is continued to maintain the speed of rotation of the drive shaft at Vtarget until a predetermined level of engagement torque Tth is obtained. The motor torque is then reduced to a predetermined level Tm. The sliding speed of the drive shaft is then decreased and the test is terminated when the sliding speed falls to zero.
摘要:
A caliper brake for a bicycle, which has a pivot support and an enlarged diameter portion, which pivot support is formed independently of a bolt for mounting the brake on the bicycle frame and pivotally supporting a pair of brake arms with brake shoes so as to form a major portion of the brake and which enlarged diameter portion is formed of a threaded hole screwable with the bolt. The bolt is made detachable and only selected from ones of various lengths so that the major portion may be made variable to meet any kind and size of the bicycle and the brake applying position thereto to thereby make the major portion available in common.
摘要:
When the control unit makes both the first and second inverter circuits operational, the control unit controls the first and second inverter circuits by duty control such that an average heating output from the first inverter circuit reaches a predetermined first target heating output, and an average heating output from the second inverter circuit reaches a predetermined second target heating output. When the control unit makes one of the first and second inverter circuits operational in an automatic heating mode for automatic heating control according to a predetermined heating output sequence, the control unit inhibits the first and second inverter circuits from being controlled by the duty control.
摘要:
A transmission and control method are disclosed which ensure proper stroke pressure and minimize torque transients during a shift event. The transmission includes a clutch having a torque capacity based on a fluid pressure, a torque sensor adapted to measure a torque value that varies in relationship to the torque capacity, and a controller. The method includes varying the fluid pressure around a predetermined value, measuring a resulting torque difference with the torque sensor, and adjusting a clutch control parameter if the resulting torque difference is less than a threshold value.
摘要:
Methods and systems are provided for pressurizing a transmission hydraulic circuit including a transmission mechanical pump coupled to an engine though a gearbox. One example method comprises, during an engine start, adjusting a speed ratio between the transmission pump and the engine between a first speed ratio and a second speed ratio, the pump rotating faster relative to the engine at the first speed ratio as compared with the second speed ratio. In this way, the pump may be driven at different speed ratios relative to the engine to provide better pressurization in the transmission.
摘要:
A method of controlling a line pressure in a transmission is provided. Line pressure in a transmission is set to a pressure value including a first term that is proportional to an input torque value. The first term has a coefficient of proportionality that is increased in response to a signal indicating clutch slippage. The input torque value is a measured input torque value in a steady-state condition. The input torque value may be a maximum of the measured input torque value and a driver demand torque value in a transient condition.
摘要:
A system and method for controlling a vehicle powertrain includes a controller that is operative to automatically control at least one powertrain function other than engine torque based on a measured torque and a predetermined torque range. The predetermined torque range is based on a first engine torque estimate. The measured torque is related to actual engine torque, and can be measured directly at the engine crankshaft, or in another location in the powertrain and then transferred to the engine space.
摘要:
A multiple ratio transmission having an input shaft, an output shaft and oncoming clutch and off-going clutch for effecting ratio upshifts is provided. The transmission also includes a transmission controller configured for controlling shifts. During the torque phase of a ratio upshift, the controller increases input torque. Next, the controller estimates an oncoming clutch target torque. The controller controls a torque input to ensure the off-going clutch remains locked. The controller measures an actual transmission value for a torque transmitting element of the transmission and corrects the oncoming clutch target torque using the actual transmission value whereby an increasing torque for the oncoming friction element is achieved with minimal torque transients along the output shaft during the upshift.