公开(公告)号：US5422703A

公开(公告)日：1995-06-06

申请号：US262619

申请日：1994-06-20

Applicant: Masahiro Horie ,  Nariaki Fujiwara ,  Masahiko Kokubo

Inventor： Masahiro Horie ,  Nariaki Fujiwara ,  Masahiko Kokubo

IPC: G01B9/04 ,  G01B11/00 ,  G01B11/02 ,  G01B11/06 ,  G02B21/00

CPC classification number: G01B11/02 ,  G01B11/0616 ,  G01B11/0625 ,  G01N21/55 ,  G01N2201/064 ,  G01N2201/128

Abstract: A method of measuring light reflected by a test sample with a microscopic photometric system. The test sample placed in an in-focus position of an objective is irradiated, and light reflected by the test sample is measured. Stray light generated by microscopic optics including the objective is measured with the test sample placed in an out-of-focus position of the objective. Light actually reflected by the test sample is determined from a difference between the reflected light and the stray light measured.

Abstract translation: 用微观光度测量系统测量由测试样品反射的光的方法。 照射放置在物体的聚焦位置的测试样品，并测量由测试样品反射的光。 用包含物镜的微观光学器件产生的杂散光通过放置在物镜的焦点外位置的测试样品进行测量。 由测试样本实际反射的光由反射光和测量的杂散光之间的差确定。

公开(公告)号：US5305073A

公开(公告)日：1994-04-19

申请号：US834415

申请日：1992-02-12

Applicant: Norman C. Ford, Jr.

Inventor： Norman C. Ford, Jr.

IPC: G01N21/21 ,  G01N21/03 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/49 ,  G01N21/53 ,  G01N30/74 ,  G01N15/06

CPC classification number: G01N21/49 ,  G01N2021/0346 ,  G01N2021/0392 ,  G01N2021/4711 ,  G01N2021/4728 ,  G01N21/53 ,  G01N2201/064 ,  G01N2201/0642

Abstract: A molecular characterization detector includes a scattering cell containing a sample for molecular characterization, a light source for directing a light beam through the cell so that the light beam is scattered by the sample, optical elements for selecting from the scattered light a measurement beam comprising light that is scattered by the sample from a predetermined portion of the cell in a predetermined range of angles relative to the optical axis, and a detector for detecting the measurement beam and providing an output electrical signal representative of the measurement beam. The detector typically selects light scattered from a central portion of the scattering cell at angles in the range of 14.degree. to 16.degree.. A single spherical lens is preferably utilized. As a result, interference from stray scattered light is minimized. A beam dump attenuates the light beam after it passes through the scattering cell. Additional detectors detect light scattered at 90.degree. to the light beam. The outputs of the detectors are processed to provide molecular characterization of the sample.

Abstract translation: 分子表征检测器包括含有用于分子表征的样品的散射单元，用于引导光束通过单元的光源，使得光束被样品散射，用于从散射光中选择的光学元件包括光的测量光 其被来自单元的预定部分的样本以相对于光轴的预定角度范围散射;以及检测器，用于检测测量光束并提供表示测量光束的输出电信号。 检测器通常以14度至16度的范围内的角度选择从散射单元的中心部分散射的光。 优选使用单个球面透镜。 结果，来自杂散散射光的干扰被最小化。 光束转移器在通过散射单元之后会衰减光束。 附加的检测器检测光束以90度散射的光。 处理检测器的输出以提供样品的分子表征。

公开(公告)号：US5146288A

公开(公告)日：1992-09-08

申请号：US717663

申请日：1991-06-19

Applicant: Kenneth M. Russell

Inventor： Kenneth M. Russell

IPC: G01N21/21 ,  G01N21/87 ,  G02B25/02

CPC classification number: G01N21/87 ,  G01N33/381 ,  G02B25/02 ,  G01N21/21 ,  G01N2201/064

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for distinguishing cultured pearls from natural pearls by piercing the unidentified pearls with beams of light, preferably polarized, to reveal gross structural differences. The apparatus uses a light source, a polarizing filter, opaque shields, micro ports for light limitations, field magnifying lenses preferably 10.times.or 12.times., and slides and other positioners to hold pearls singly or in strings.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于通过用优选极化的光束刺穿未鉴定的珍珠来区分养殖珍珠与天然珍珠的装置，以显示出严重的结构差异。 该装置使用光源，偏振滤光器，不透明屏蔽物，用于光限制的微端口，优选为10倍或12倍的场放大镜，以及滑动件和其它定位器，以单独地或串联地保持珍珠。

公开(公告)号：US5050991A

公开(公告)日：1991-09-24

申请号：US415740

申请日：1989-09-29

Applicant: Jeanne A. Welch

Inventor： Jeanne A. Welch

IPC: G01J1/16 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/36 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01N21/25

CPC classification number: G01J3/42 ,  G01N21/255 ,  G01J2001/1636 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  G01J3/1838 ,  G01J3/36 ,  G01N2201/06166 ,  G01N2201/064

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for measuring the spectra of a high optical density sample having substantially known optical properties. In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus comprises: a laser for producing a light beam; a Raman cell responsive to the light beam for generating a first light containing a plurality of preselected wavelength components; an optical system for directing the first light through the sample; a dispersion device for spatially separating the first light passed through the sample into its plurality of preselected wavelength components; a plurality of light detectors positioned to respectively receive the spatially-separated preselected wavelength components and to convert the photons in each of the spatially-separated preselected components into a plurality of associated photocurrents having amplitudes respectively representative of the numbers of photons in the spatially-separated preselected wavelength components; and a photon counter for respectively converting the plurality of associated photocurrents into a plurality of photon counts corresponding to the transmittance of the sample at the respective preselected wavelength components of the first light passing through the sample. In a modification of the invention, the apparatus further includes an energy meter adapted to receive a portion of the light beam for generating an energy signal representative of the total energy in the light beam, and processing means responsive to the plurality of photon counts and to the energy signal for determining the output transmittance of the sample at the preselected wavelength components of the first light passing through the sample.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于测量具有基本上已知光学特性的高光密度样品的光谱的装置。 在优选实施例中，该装置包括：用于产生光束的激光器; 响应于所述光束的拉曼单元，用于产生包含多个预选波长分量的第一光; 用于将第一光引导通过样品的光学系统; 用于将通过所述样品的所述第一光线空间分离成其多个预选波长分量的分散装置; 多个光检测器被定位成分别接收空间分离的预选波长分量并将每个空间分离的预选分量中的光子转换成多个相关联的光电流，其具有分别代表空间分离的光子数量的幅度 预选波长分量; 以及光子计数器，用于将多个相关联的光电流分别转换成对应于通过样品的第一光的各个预选波长分量的样品的透射率的多个光子计数。 在本发明的修改中，该装置还包括适于接收光束的一部分以产生表示光束中的总能量的能量信号的能量计，以及响应于多个光子计数的处理装置，以及 用于确定通过样品的第一光的预选波长分量处的样品的输出透射率的能量信号。

公开(公告)号：US4601576A

公开(公告)日：1986-07-22

申请号：US559909

申请日：1983-12-09

Applicant: Lee K. Galbraith

Inventor： Lee K. Galbraith

IPC: G01N21/88 ,  G01J1/02 ,  G01N21/84 ,  G01N21/894 ,  G01N21/94 ,  G01N21/95 ,  G01N21/956 ,  G01N21/00

CPC classification number: G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/0422 ,  G01J1/0455 ,  G01N21/894 ,  G01N21/94 ,  G01N21/9501 ,  G01N21/474 ,  G01N2201/064 ,  G01N2201/112

Abstract: A two-stage light collector, including a first stage which admits a scanning beam and a second stage which is optically connected to the first stage and has a light detector therein. The first stage has a shape which re-images diffusely scattered radiation from a target on which the radiation impinges. The first stage directs light toward an entrance aperture in the second stage which indirectly reflects light toward the detector associated with the second stage.

Abstract translation: 两级光收集器，包括允许扫描光束的第一级和与第一级光学连接且在其中具有光检测器的第二级。 第一阶段具有从放射线照射的靶的重散射散射的形状。 第一阶段将光引导到第二阶段中的入口孔，其将光朝向与第二阶段相关联的检测器间接反射。

公开(公告)号：US4575244A

公开(公告)日：1986-03-11

申请号：US496250

申请日：1983-05-19

Applicant: Karoly Kaffka ,  Bela Nadai ,  Andras Czabaffy ,  Lorand Horvath

Inventor： Karoly Kaffka ,  Bela Nadai ,  Andras Czabaffy ,  Lorand Horvath

IPC: G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/00

CPC classification number: G01N21/474 ,  G01N2021/4704 ,  G01N21/4738 ,  G01N2201/064

Abstract: The invention relates to a detector system for measuring the intensity of a radiation scattered at a predetermined angle from a sample (10) irradiated at a specified angle of incidence. The detector system comprises a path to transmit an incident beam of radiation onto the sample (10) and at least one radiation sensor (15,16,17,18; 35,36, . . . ; 45) positioned in the path of the radiations scattered from the sample (10). According to the invention the detector system has a dome positioned in the path of the radiation scattered from the sample (10). The dome is provided with at least one concave reflecting surface (11,12,13,14; 31,32, . . . ; 41) located in a range corresponding to the predetermined scattering angle, and the or each concave reflecting surface forms the image of the sample (10) onto a radiation sensor (15,16,17,18; 35,36, . . . ; 45). For example a 0.degree./45.degree. detector system is preferably arranged so that in the middle of the dome an opening (19) is provided suitable to let the incident beam of radiation fall onto the sample (10), and the dome is provided with at least two concave reflecting surfaces (11,12,13,14; 31,32, . . . ) located symmetrically with respect to the sample (10). A 45.degree./0.degree. detector system can be accomplished so that the dome is a member (44) provided with a rotationally symmetrical concave reflecting surface (41) positioned opposite the sample (10), radiation sensor (45) is disposed at the tip of said concave reflecting surface (41), and in the path of the incident beam there are an outside reflecting surface of revolution (42) of that member (44) as well as a further reflecting surface of revolution (43), the latter reflecting the beam of radiation coming from said outside reflecting surface (42) onto the sample (10) at the specified angle of incidence (FIG. 1).