摘要:
Increased production of a heterologous cellulase is achieved by transforming Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis with genetic constructs containing a Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 53926 protease promoter and signal sequence to express alkalophilic cellulase genes.
摘要:
Disclosed is an improved process for the production of fatty acid lower alkyl esters according to formula (I) R1CO—OR2 (I) in which R1CO represents a linear or branched acyl moiety having from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms and 0 to 6 double bonds and wherein R2 is a linear or branched alkyl moiety having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, by transesterification of triglycerides or fatty acid esters using C1-C6 aliphatic alcohols, which includes the steps of (a) providing an aqueous mixture of aliphatic C1-C6 alcohol by fermenting in a first reactor a carbon source comprising carbohydrates and/or glycerol produce a fermentation broth comprising said aliphatic C1-C6 alcohol, (b) providing in a second reactor a triglyceride and/or an ester of a fatty acid, together with a biocatalyst capable of effecting a transesterification reaction, (c) transferring said aqueous aliphatic C1-C6 alcohol mixture obtained from said first reactor into said second reactor to provide a two-phase system, and (d) effecting the transesterification reaction to produce said fatty acid lower alkyl ester and a glycerol- or alcohol-containing aqueous phase. The products thus obtained are particularly useful as components of the fuel known as biodiesel.
摘要:
An apparatus for positioning optical components in an optical device and a microscope with such an apparatus are described, comprising a holding device having a plurality of receptacles on which the optical components can be fixed. A stepper motor comprises a motor shaft for rotating the holding device via a toothed belt and therefore positions the optical components. This allows to position optical components in the optical beam path with low noise and in a vibration-free manner.
摘要:
Disclosed are novel lipophilic preparations comprising (a) from 20 to 40% by weight of myristic acid or esters thereof, (b) from 20 to 40% by weight of palmitic acid or esters thereof, (c) from 0.1 to 5% by weight of aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons and (d) less than 20% by weight of carboxylic acids or esters thereof having 12 and fewer carbons in the acyl moiety and (e) less than 20% by weight of carboxylic acids or esters thereof having 16 and more carbons in the acyl moiety, with the proviso that all percentages add up to 100% by weight.
摘要:
Substituted and unsubstituted flavone or isoflavone glycoside derivatives of the formula [A1-C(═O)O]m—[X—O-Z]—[O—C(═O)-A2]n, wherein [X—O-Z] represents a flavone or isoflavone glycoside structure, particularly a naringin residue, X is a flavone or isoflavone corresponding to formula (IIa) or formula (IIb): wherein the flavone or isoflavone residue is substituted one or more times and/or reduced one or more times; Z represents a mono-, di- or polysaccharide, which is acetally-bound at the benzopyran group to X and ester-substituted by —O—C(═O)-A2; [A1-C(═O)] is an acyl group on the flavone or isoflavone; A1 and A2 independently, represent a polyunsaturated C15-26 alkenyl group containing at least four isolated and/or at least two conjugated double bonds, or an arylaliphatic radical with 1-to-4 methylene groups between the ester group and the aromatic ring; [C(═O)A2] is an acyl group; n is an integer other than 0; m is an integer, including 0; and R1, R2 and R are hydroxyl groups or hydrogen atoms.
摘要:
An oil in water emulsion including water, an emulsifier and an oil phase is produced by the phase inversion temperature process and has a droplet size of 50 to 400 nm is provided. A process for the enzyme-catalyzed esterification, transesterification or hydrolysis of fatty acid alkyl esters and/or triglycerides is also provided where the oil in water emulsion is used as the reaction medium.
摘要:
A process of obtaining lutein in a high yield from green algae is described. Lutein and lutein-enriched products obtained by the process, which are suitable for use as dietary supplements and/or food additives, or cosmetic or pharmaceutical raw materials, are also described.
摘要:
A laser microdissection unit for cutting a microscopic sample using a laser beam of a laser includes a microscope and a fluorescence device. The microscope includes an illumination beam path directed onto the sample, and an imaging beam path configured to image the sample. The fluorescence device includes an excitation filter, a dichroic beam splitter, and a blocking filter. The dichroic beam splitter and the blocking filter are spectrally transparent to the laser beam, and the laser beam is directable through the dichroic beam splitter and the blocking filter onto the sample.
摘要:
A microscope includes an interference contrast transmitted-light device having an analyzer disposed in the microscope imaging beam path, the analyzer causing a beam deflection. A fluorescence device is provided, the fluorescence device and the interference contrast transmitted-light device being selectably and alternatively insertable into the imaging beam path. A pair of glass wedge plates are arranged behind the analyzer in the imaging direction so as to compensate to zero for the beam deflection caused by the analyzer.
摘要:
The invention relates to a laser microdissection device comprised of a microscope table (1), which supports a specimen (3) to be dissected, of an incident lighting device (7), a laser light source (5) and of an objective (10) for focussing the laser beam (18) of the laser light source (5) onto the specimen (3). According to the invention, the microscope table (1) is not moved during the dissecting process. A laser scanning device (9) is arranged in the incident lighting device (7), is comprised of two thick glass wedge plates (11a, 11b), which are tilted toward the optical axis (8) and can be rotated independently of one another around said optical axis (8). In addition to the beam deviation caused by the wedge angle of the wedge plates (11a, 11b), a beam offset of the laser beam (18) is produced by the thickness and the tilt of the wedge plates (11a, 11b). When both wedge plates (11a, 11b) are rotated, the beam deviation and the beam offset of the laser beam (18) are varied in such a manner that the laser beam (18) always passes through the middle of the objective pupil (19) and, at the same time, the beam is guided over the specimen (3) to be dissected by the beam deviation of the laser beam (18).