公开(公告)号：US4280543A

公开(公告)日：1981-07-28

申请号：US775472

申请日：1977-03-08

申请人： Robert Bond ,  Arthur R. Williams

发明人： Robert Bond ,  Arthur R. Williams

IPC分类号： B60C1/00 ,  B60C11/00 ,  C08L7/00 ,  C08L9/00

CPC分类号： B60C1/0016 ,  B60C2011/0016

摘要： A tire having a tread with improved wet grip characteristics. The tread is made from a composition which has specific loss factor values measured in high and low frequency ranges defined herein.

摘要翻译： 具有改进的湿抓地特性的胎面的轮胎。 胎面由具有在本文定义的高频和低频范围内测量的特定损耗因子值的组合物制成。

公开(公告)号：US07686854B2

公开(公告)日：2010-03-30

申请号：US10877656

申请日：2004-06-25

申请人： Allan R Wells ,  Gary J. DeAngelis ,  Arthur R. Williams

发明人： Allan R Wells ,  Gary J. DeAngelis ,  Arthur R. Williams

IPC分类号： H01M6/00

CPC分类号： H01M8/0284 ,  H01M8/0271 ,  Y10T29/49108 ,  Y10T29/4911 ,  Y10T29/49114 ,  Y10T29/53135

摘要： Seal means for sealing a bipolar plate to a membrane in a PEM fuel cell stack. The seal includes a thin layer of a cross-linkable silicone composition disposed between the bipolar plate and the membrane. The layer is applied as a liquid to either the plate or the membrane and preferably is polymerized prior to assembly of the stack. A preferred means for applying the composition to the bipolar plate is screen printing. Preferably, the layer has a thickness between 0.001 and 0.005 inch. The resulting fuel cell stack exhibits superior leak resistance. In a currently preferred embodiment, a layer of the silicone composition is provided at interfaces between a membrane and both an anode side and a cathode side of a bipolar plate.

摘要翻译： 用于将双极板密封到PEM燃料电池堆中的膜的密封装置。 密封件包括设置在双极板和膜之间的可交联硅氧烷组合物的薄层。 该层作为液体施加到板或膜上，并且优选在组装之前聚合。 将组合物施加到双极板的优选方法是丝网印刷。 优选地，该层具有0.001至0.005英寸的厚度。 所得到的燃料电池堆表现出优异的耐漏电性。 在目前优选的实施方案中，硅氧烷组合物层设置在膜与双极板的阳极侧和阴极侧的界面处。

公开(公告)号：US20090277192A1

公开(公告)日：2009-11-12

申请号：US11908130

申请日：2006-03-09

申请人： Arthur R. Williams ,  Charles Agosta

发明人： Arthur R. Williams ,  Charles Agosta

IPC分类号： F25B9/00 ,  F25D9/00 ,  F25B13/00

CPC分类号： F25B9/002 ,  F04D29/281 ,  F25B23/00

摘要： Heat pumps move heat from a source to a higher temperature heat sink. This invention enables spontaneous source-to-sink heat transfer. Spontaneous heat transfer is accomplished by conducting heat from the source through rotating disks to a portion of the generally warmer sink flow that is cooled to a temperature below that of the source by the Bernoulli effect. The nozzled flow required for Bernoulli cooling is provided by the corotating disk pairs. The distance between the opposing surfaces of the disk pair decreases with distance from the rotation axis, forming a nozzle. The heat-sink flow through the nozzle is maintained by centrifugal force caused by the circular motion of the gas near the disk surfaces. Embodiments of the invention differ in the paths followed by the source and sink fluid flows, by the number of disk pairs and by the state (gas or liquid.) of the heat source.

摘要翻译： 热泵将热量从一个源移动到一个较高温度的散热器。 本发明实现了自发的源 - 汇传热。 自发热传递是通过将热量从源通过旋转盘传导到通常较温暖的下沉流的一部分而实现的，该部分通过伯努利效应被冷却至低于源的温度。 伯努利冷却所需的喷嘴流由旋转盘对提供。 盘对的相对表面之间的距离随着与旋转轴的距离而减小，形成喷嘴。 通过喷嘴附近的气体的圆周运动引起的离心力来维持通过喷嘴的散热器流动。 本发明的实施例在源和汇流体流动之后的路径方面与盘对数量和热源的状态（气体或液体）不同。

公开(公告)号：US20090249806A1

公开(公告)日：2009-10-08

申请号：US12420510

申请日：2009-04-08

申请人： Arthur R. Williams ,  Charles Agosta

发明人： Arthur R. Williams ,  Charles Agosta

IPC分类号： F25B9/00 ,  F25B27/00 ,  F25B39/02

CPC分类号： F25B23/00 ,  F25B9/002 ,  F25B9/006

摘要： Embodiments of a heat transfer apparatus, and related methods, involve a curved flow path, a heat source external to and in thermal communication with at least a portion of an inner radial boundary of the curved flow path, and a working fluid, including a heavier component and a lighter component, flowing through the flow path. The flow path causes the working fluid to experience centrifugal force so as to preferentially force the heavier component toward the exterior wall portion and thereby cause the lighter component to preferentially absorb heat from the interior wall portion.

摘要翻译： 传热装置和相关方法的实施例涉及弯曲流动路径，与弯曲流动路径的内部径向边界的至少一部分外部并与热连通的热源，以及包括较重的 部件和较轻的部件，流经流路。 流动路径使得工作流体经受离心力，以优先地将较重的部件压向外壁部分，从而使较轻的部件优先地从内壁部分吸收热量。

公开(公告)号：US20090229798A1

公开(公告)日：2009-09-17

申请号：US12403682

申请日：2009-03-13

申请人： Arthur R. Williams ,  Charles Agosta

发明人： Arthur R. Williams ,  Charles Agosta

IPC分类号： F28F13/12 ,  F25D9/00

CPC分类号： F25B9/08 ,  F25B2341/0011 ,  F28F13/08 ,  F28F13/125

摘要： Embodiments of a heat transfer apparatus, and related methods, involve a first flow path through at least one neck portion defined by at least one boundary wall, a first heat source external to and in thermal communication with the at least one boundary wall, an inflow portion in fluid communication with the first flow path, an outflow portion in fluid communication with the first flow path, and a drive system for driving a first fluid through the first flow path, whereby heat is transferred from the first heat source to the first fluid as it flows through the first flow path.

摘要翻译： 传热装置和相关方法的实施例涉及通过至少一个颈部的第一流动路径，所述至少一个颈部由至少一个边界壁，与至少一个边界壁外部并与其热连通的第一热源限定，流入 与第一流路流体连通的部分，与第一流路流体连通的流出部分，以及用于驱动第一流体通过第一流路的驱动系统，由此热量从第一热源传递到第一流体 因为它流过第一流动路径。

公开(公告)号：US20090223650A1

公开(公告)日：2009-09-10

申请号：US12397915

申请日：2009-03-04

申请人： Arthur R. Williams ,  Charles Agosta

发明人： Arthur R. Williams ,  Charles Agosta

IPC分类号： F28D15/00

CPC分类号： F25B9/00 ,  F28D15/00 ,  F28F7/02 ,  F28F13/08

摘要： Embodiments of a heat transfer apparatus, and related methods, involve at least one boundary wall defining a first flow path through a neck portion, a first heat source external to and in thermal communication with the boundary wall, and a working fluid (e.g., a first fluid component with a second fluid component entrained therein). The neck portion may be shaped such that at least a portion of the second fluid component impinges upon at least a portion of the boundary wall as the working fluid flows therethrough, whereby heat is transferred from the first heat source to the working fluid through the boundary wall.

摘要翻译： 传热装置和相关方法的实施例涉及至少一个边界壁，其限定通过颈部的第一流动路径，在边界壁外部和与热交联的第一热源，以及工作流体（例如， 第一流体组分，其中夹有第二流体组分）。 颈部可以被成形为使得当工作流体流过其中时，第二流体组分的至少一部分撞击边界壁的至少一部分，由此热量通过边界从第一热源传递到工作流体 壁。

公开(公告)号：US07104545B2

公开(公告)日：2006-09-12

申请号：US10369290

申请日：2003-02-18

申请人： Arthur R. Williams ,  Gary J. DeAngelis ,  Allan R. Wells

发明人： Arthur R. Williams ,  Gary J. DeAngelis ,  Allan R. Wells

IPC分类号： H01M2/08

CPC分类号： H01M8/0286 ,  H01M8/0273 ,  H01M8/028 ,  H01M8/1007 ,  Y10T29/49297

摘要： A thermoplastic carrier sheet is die-cut to have a size and shape matching that of a PEM bipolar plate. A plurality of holes are punched in the carrier sheet in the pattern of gasket beading to be formed subsequently. In a mold, liquid gasket resin fills the mold on both sides of the carrier sheet to form the gasket, flowing through the holes in the sheet and thereby causing the gasket to become mechanically attached to the sheet. A carrier element having a flange portion substantially identical with the outer profile of the bipolar plates is laminated to the sheet edge. During assembly of a fuel cell, the carrier element automatically positions the gasket correctly on the plate and prevents the gasket from twisting or shifting. In a currently preferred embodiment, a membrane electrode assembly is attached within an appropriate opening in the carrier sheet.

公开(公告)号：US5427164A

公开(公告)日：1995-06-27

申请号：US986738

申请日：1992-12-08

申请人： Arthur R. Williams ,  David R. Watkins

发明人： Arthur R. Williams ,  David R. Watkins

IPC分类号： B60C9/20 ,  B60C11/00 ,  B60C3/00 ,  B60C9/18

CPC分类号： B60C11/0083 ,  B60C11/00 ,  B60C11/0332 ,  B60C9/20 ,  B60C2200/10 ,  Y10T152/10765

摘要： A radial tire for a four wheeled vehicle comprising a reinforced carcass ply extending between two bead regions through sidewall regions to a tread region and a reinforcing breaker disposed in the tread region extending circumferentially around the tire radially outside the carcass ply wherein the tread region is substantially curved in cross-section and has a camber value C/L of between 0.25 to 0.75. The breaker includes at least two plies of reinforcing fabric, a narrower breaker ply which is radially innermost and a wider breaker ply which is radially outermost, and each of the breaker plies except the outermost ply has adjacent to each of its lateral edges a circumferentially extending support strip which extends laterally outward from the edge of the breaker ply to at least the lateral position of the edge of the widest breaker ply.

摘要翻译： 一种用于四轮车辆的子午线轮胎，其包括经由侧壁区域到胎面区域的两个胎圈区域之间延伸的加强胎体帘布层和设置在胎面区域中的增强断裂器，胎面区域周向地围绕胎体帘布层周向径向延伸，其中胎面区域基本上 横截面弯曲，外倾角值C / L在0.25至0.75之间。 断路器包括至少两层增强织物，一个较窄的破裂层，其径向最内侧和一个较宽的破裂层，其径向最外侧，除最外层之外的每个破碎层均与其每个侧边相邻，周向延伸 支撑条，其从断路器层的边缘横向向外延伸至至少最宽的断路器层的边缘的横向位置。

公开(公告)号：US4446568A

公开(公告)日：1984-05-01

申请号：US270968

申请日：1981-06-05

申请人： Arthur R. Williams ,  William L. Johnson

发明人： Arthur R. Williams ,  William L. Johnson

IPC分类号： G01N23/207 ,  G21K1/06 ,  G01N23/02 ,  G01N23/20 ,  G01N23/22

CPC分类号： G21K1/06 ,  G01N23/207 ,  G21K2201/062 ,  G21K2201/064

摘要： A versatile focusing radiation analyzer for EXAFS, fluorescence EXAFS, Raman or modified Compton scattering, diffraction, Rayleigh scattering and other experiments is comprised of a concave focusing element (10) placed at the end of a central arm (11) pivoted at the center (24) of a circle (21). Side arms (12, 13) are also pivoted at the center (24). A platform (17) supports an X-ray source (50, 61, 66) or a sample (16) at the end of one side arm (12) while a platform (23) supports a detector (22, 63, 66), sample (51) and detector (52) or Mossbauer source (80). Constraining bars (14, 15) attached to the side arms and to a slide (29) in a slot (30) cause one side arm (13) to maintain an angle (.theta.) with the center arm equal to the angle of the other side arm (12) with the center arm as the center arm is driven relative to that side arm by suitable means (25-28). Rods (31, 32) or belts (36, 38) with pulleys (35, 37) maintain the optical axis of the elements on the platforms (17, 23) directed to the center of the focusing element (10) as the angle (.theta.) is varied. The focusing element (10) may be a single crystal bent and polished to a Johanssen focusing configuration, or a sample bent to the same configuration, depending on the experiment. A small focusing crystal (20) may be used to select one of the characteristic lines of the X-ray source (19). The acquisition time of a complete scan of the angle .theta. may be reduced without increasing the source intensity or sacrificing resolution due to the focusing geometry of the concave element.

摘要翻译： 用于EXAFS，荧光EXAFS，拉曼或改进的康普顿散射，衍射，瑞利散射和其他实验的通用聚焦辐射分析仪包括设置在中心臂（11）的中心枢转的端部处的凹形聚焦元件（10） 24）。 侧臂（12,13）也在中心（24）枢转。 平台（17）在一个侧臂（12）的端部处支撑X射线源（50,61,66）或样品（16），而平台（23）支撑检测器（22,63,66） ，样品（51）和检测器（52）或Mössbauer源（80）。 附接到侧臂和狭槽（30）中的滑块（29）的约束条（14,15）使得一个侧臂（13）保持与中心臂的角度（θ）等于另一个的角度 以臂为中心的侧臂（12）通过合适的装置（25-28）相对于该侧臂被驱动。 具有滑轮（35,37）的杆（31,32）或带（36,38）将导向于聚焦元件（10）中心的平台（17,23）上的元件的光轴保持为角度 theta）变化。 根据实验，聚焦元件（10）可以是被弯曲并抛光到Johanssen聚焦配置的单晶或弯曲成相同配置的样品。 可以使用小的聚焦晶体（20）来选择X射线源（19）的特征线之一。 可以减小角度θ的完整扫描的采集时间，而不会由于凹入元件的聚焦几何形状而增加源强度或牺牲分辨率。

公开(公告)号：US20130009402A1

公开(公告)日：2013-01-10

申请号：US13635614

申请日：2011-03-16

申请人： Arthur R. Williams

发明人： Arthur R. Williams

IPC分类号： F03B13/18 ,  F03B13/14

CPC分类号： F03B13/1885 ,  F03B13/182 ,  F05B2240/40 ,  F05B2240/917 ,  F05B2240/93 ,  F05B2250/712 ,  F05B2260/406 ,  Y02E10/38

摘要： Wave-Energy-Conversion (WEC) systems harness the water motion internal to waves propagating on large bodies of water to produce more readily usable forms of power, such as electricity. The water motion internal to a wave is oscillatory, and power is extracted from it by submerging structures that oscillate with the water, but more slowly. The power extracted from a wave is the product of the speed of the structure and the associated drag force on the structure. Because the structure moves more slowly than the water, increasing its speed reduces its speed relative to the water and with it the drag force. This tradeoff is optimized by maximizing the drag force for a given relative speed. The disclosed WEC systems exploit, in a variety of ways, the greater drag force provided by WEC structures of concave shape.

摘要翻译： 波能转换（WEC）系统利用在大体积水上传播的波浪内部的水运动，以产生更容易使用的电力形式，例如电力。 波浪内部的水运动是振荡的，通过浸没与水振荡的结构，但是更慢地从其中提取功率。 从波浪中提取的能量是结构速度和结构上相关牵引力的乘积。 因为结构比水慢，所以速度的提高使其相对于水的速度和拖曳力减小。 通过最大化给定相对速度的拖曳力来优化这种权衡。 所公开的WEC系统以各种方式利用由凹陷形状的WEC结构提供的更大的阻力。