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    Sports implement
    12.
    发明授权
    Sports implement 失效
    运动器具

    公开(公告)号：US06485380B2

    公开(公告)日：2002-11-26

    申请号：US09759855

    申请日：2001-01-12

    Applicant: Ronald Spangler ,  David Gilbert ,  Carl Prestia ,  Emanuele Bianchini ,  Kenneth B. Lazarus ,  Jeffrey W. Moore ,  Robert N. Jacques ,  Jonathan C. Allen ,  Farla M. Russo

    Inventor： Ronald Spangler ,  David Gilbert ,  Carl Prestia ,  Emanuele Bianchini ,  Kenneth B. Lazarus ,  Jeffrey W. Moore ,  Robert N. Jacques ,  Jonathan C. Allen ,  Farla M. Russo

    IPC: A63B4902

    CPC classification number: A63B53/00 ,  A63B60/00 ,  A63B60/54 ,  A63C5/075

    Abstract: A golf club includes an electroactive assembly attached to the club and electrically tuned to capture energy from one or more vibrational modes with high efficiency. More generally, a sports implement includes an electroactive element, such as a piezoceramic sheet attached to the implement, and a circuit attached to the electroactive element. The circuit may be a shunt, or may include processing such as amplification and phase control to apply a driving signal which may compensate for strain sensed in the implement, or may simply alter the stiffness to affect performance. The electroactive element is located in a region of high strain to apply damping, and may include plural subassemblies mounted to capture energy in different planes, or to capture an asymmetric strain distribution while maintaining structural symmetry. In a ski the element captures between about one and five percent of the strain energy of the ski. The region of high strain may be found by modeling mechanics of the sports implement, or may be located by empirically mapping the strain distribution which occurs during use of the implement. In other embodiments, the electroactive elements may remove resonances, adapt performance to different situations, or enhance handling or comfort of the implement. Other embodiments include striking implements intended to hit a ball or object in play, such as mallets, bats and tennis racquets, wherein the strain elements may alter the performance, feel or comfort of the implement. The electroactive elements may be configured in sets to capture energy in different modes, and/or energy distributed along different directions.

    Abstract translation: 高尔夫球杆包括附接到球杆的电动组件，并且被电调谐以从高效率的一个或多个振动模式捕获能量。 更一般地，运动器具包括电活性元件，例如附接到器具的压电陶瓷片和连接到电活性元件的电路。 该电路可以是分流器，或者可以包括诸如放大和相位控制的处理以施加可以补偿在工具中感测到的应变的驱动信号，或者可以简单地改变刚度以影响性能。 电活性元件位于高应变区域以施加阻尼，并且可以包括安装成在不同平面中捕获能量的多个子组件，或者捕获不对称应变分布同时保持结构对称性。 在滑雪板中，元素捕获滑雪板的约百分之一至百分之五的应变能量。 高应变区域可以通过运动器具的建模力学来发现，或者可以通过经验地绘制在使用中发生的应变分布来定位。 在其它实施例中，电活性元件可以去除谐振，适应不同情况的性能，或增强器具的处理或舒适度。 其他实施例包括旨在击打球或游戏中的对象的打击工具，例如槌，蝙蝠和网球拍，其中应变元件可改变工具的性能，感觉或舒适性。 电活性元件可以被配置成以不同模式捕获能量和/或沿着不同方向分布的能量。

    High bandwidth, large stroke actuator
    13.
    发明授权
    High bandwidth, large stroke actuator 有权
    高带宽，大行程执行器

    公开(公告)号：US06291928B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-09-18

    申请号：US09461941

    申请日：1999-12-15

    Applicant: Kenneth B. Lazarus ,  Jeffrey W. Moore ,  Erik Saarmaa ,  Eric Fitch ,  Carl Prestia ,  Edward F. Crawley

    Inventor： Kenneth B. Lazarus ,  Jeffrey W. Moore ,  Erik Saarmaa ,  Eric Fitch ,  Carl Prestia ,  Edward F. Crawley

    IPC: H01L4108

    CPC classification number: H02N2/043

    Abstract: A hybrid actuator includes strain actuated elements that displace fluid to move a piston, with the elements forming a fluid housing, and being oriented and actuated to optimize force, stroke or bandwidth. In one preferred embodiment the elements are cylinders enclosing the fluid, with radial and axial components of strain-induced dimensional change adding together to enhance displacement. In another preferred embodiment, piezo bender elements produce large stroke, high bandwidth movements. Strokes of up to fifty percent of actuator length, and bandwidths above 500 Hz are achieved in light weight electrically actuated devices free of external piping or hydraulics. The actuator is readily integrated into a gate valve, sub-woofer, or other driven device.

    Abstract translation: 混合致动器包括应变致动元件，其移动流体以移动活塞，其中元件形成流体壳体，并且被定向和致动以优化力，冲程或带宽。 在一个优选实施例中，元件是包围流体的圆柱体，应变引起的尺寸变化的径向和轴向分量加在一起以增加位移。 在另一个优选实施例中，压电弯曲元件产生大笔划，高带宽移动。 在不受外部管道或液压作用的轻型电动装置中实现高达致动器长度的50％的行程和500Hz以上的带宽。 致动器易于集成到闸阀，次低音扬声器或其他被驱动装置中。

    Packaged strain actuator
    14.
    发明授权
    Packaged strain actuator 失效
    包装应变致动器

    公开(公告)号：US5656882A

    公开(公告)日：1997-08-12

    申请号：US711249

    申请日：1996-09-10

    Applicant: Kenneth B. Lazarus ,  Mark E. Lundstrom ,  Jeffrey W. Moore ,  Edward F. Crawley

    Inventor： Kenneth B. Lazarus ,  Mark E. Lundstrom ,  Jeffrey W. Moore ,  Edward F. Crawley

    IPC: G01L1/16 ,  G03F7/20 ,  H01L41/047 ,  H01L41/053 ,  H01L41/09 ,  H01L41/22 ,  H02N2/00 ,  H03H9/17 ,  H04R17/08 ,  H01L41/08

    CPC classification number: H01L41/23 ,  G03F7/70725 ,  G03F7/70758 ,  G03F7/709 ,  H01L41/047 ,  H01L41/053 ,  H01L41/0926 ,  H01L41/0933 ,  H01L41/094 ,  H01L41/0953 ,  H01L41/0993 ,  H04R17/08 ,  Y10T29/42 ,  Y10T29/49126 ,  Y10T29/49128 ,  Y10T29/49146

    Abstract: A modular actuator assembly includes one or more plates or elements of electro-active material bonded to an electroded sheet, preferably by a structural polymer to form a card. The card is sealed, and may itself constitute a practical device, such as a vane, shaker, stirrer, lever, pusher or sonicator for direct contact with a solid or immersion in a fluid, or may be bonded by a stiff adhesive to make a surface-to-surface mechanical coupling with a solid workpiece, device, substrate, machine or sample. The structural polymer provides a bending stiffness such that the thin plate does not deform to its breaking point, and a mechanical stiffness such that shear forces are efficiently coupled from the plate to the workpiece. In further embodiments, the card may include active circuit elements for switching, powering or processing signals, and/or passive circuit elements for filtering, matching or damping signals, so that few or no connections to outside circuitry are required. The actuator assembly can be manufactured in quantity, to provide a versatile actuator with uniform mechanical and actuation characteristics, that introduces negligible mass loading to the workpiece. The cards themselves may be arranged as independent mechanical actuators, rather than strain-transfer actuators, in which the induced strain changes the position of the card. Various arrangements of pinned or cantilevered cards may act as a pusher, bender or other motive actuator, and structures such as powered bellows may be formed directly by folding one or more suitably patterned cards.

    Abstract translation: 模块化致动器组件包括一个或多个电活性材料的板或元件，其结合到电镀片材上，优选地通过结构聚合物形成卡片。 该卡被密封，并且本身可以构成用于与固体直接接触或浸入流体中的实际装置，例如叶片，摇动器，搅拌器，杠杆，推动器或超声波器，或者可以通过刚性粘合剂粘合以形成 与实体工件，器件，基板，机器或样品的表面到表面的机械耦合。 结构聚合物提供弯曲刚度，使得薄板不会变形到其断裂点，并且具有机械刚度，使得剪切力从板有效地耦合到工件。 在另外的实施例中，卡可以包括用于切换，供电或处理信号的有源电路元件，和/或用于滤波，匹配或阻尼信号的无源电路元件，使得很少或者不需要与外部电路的连接。 致动器组件可以大量制造，以提供具有均匀机械和致动特性的通用致动器，其将可忽略的质量负载引入到工件中。 卡本身可以被布置为独立的机械致动器，而不是应变传递致动器，其中感应应变改变卡的位置。 钉扎或悬臂卡的各种布置可以用作推动器，弯曲机或其它动作致动器，并且诸如动力波纹管的结构可以通过折叠一个或多个适当图案化的卡直接形成。

    Packaged strain actuator
    17.
    发明授权
    Packaged strain actuator 失效
    包装应变致动器

    公开(公告)号：US06781285B1

    公开(公告)日：2004-08-24

    申请号：US09300137

    申请日：1999-04-27

    Applicant: Kenneth B. Lazarus ,  Mark E. Lundstrom ,  Jeffrey W. Moore ,  Edward Crawley ,  Farla Russo ,  Shoko Yoshikawa ,  Eric Fitch

    Inventor： Kenneth B. Lazarus ,  Mark E. Lundstrom ,  Jeffrey W. Moore ,  Edward Crawley ,  Farla Russo ,  Shoko Yoshikawa ,  Eric Fitch

    IPC: H01L4108

    CPC classification number: G03F7/70725 ,  F16F15/005 ,  G05D19/02 ,  H01L41/047 ,  H01L41/053 ,  H01L41/0933 ,  H01L41/094 ,  H01L41/0946 ,  H01L41/0953 ,  H01L41/0993 ,  H04R17/08

    Abstract: A modular actuator assembly includes one or more plates or elements of electro-active material bonded to an electroded sheet, preferably by a structural polymer to form a card. The card is sealed, and may itself constitute a practical device, such as a vane, shaker, stirrer, lever, pusher or sonicator for direct contact with a solid or immersion in a fluid, or may be bonded by a stiff adhesive to make a surface-to-surface mechanical coupling with a solid workpiece, device, substrate machine or sample. The structural polymer provides a bending stiffness such that the thin plate does not deform to its breaking point, and a mechanical stiffness such that shear forces are efficiently coupled from the plate to the workpiece. In further embodiments, the card may include active circuit elements for switching, powering or processing signals, and/or passive circuit elements for filtering, matching or damping signals, so that few or no connections to outside circuitry are required. The actuator assembly can be manufactured in quantity, to provide a versatile actuator with uniform mechanical and actuation characteristics, that introduces negligible mass loading to the workpiece. The cards themselves may be arranged as independent mechanical actuators, rather tan strain-transfer actuators, in which the induced strain changes the position of the card. Various arrangements of pinned or cantilevered cards may act as a pusher, bender or other motive actuator, and structures such as powered bellows may be formed directly by folding one or more suitably patterned cards.

    Abstract translation: 模块化致动器组件包括一个或多个电活性材料的板或元件，其结合到电镀片材上，优选地通过结构聚合物形成卡片。 该卡被密封，并且本身可以构成用于与固体直接接触或浸入流体中的实际装置，例如叶片，摇动器，搅拌器，杠杆，推动器或超声波器，或者可以通过刚性粘合剂粘合以形成 与实体工件，器件，基板机器或样品的表面到表面的机械耦合。 结构聚合物提供弯曲刚度，使得薄板不会变形到其断裂点，并且具有机械刚度，使得剪切力从板有效地耦合到工件。 在另外的实施例中，卡可以包括用于切换，供电或处理信号的有源电路元件，和/或用于滤波，匹配或阻尼信号的无源电路元件，使得很少或者不需要与外部电路的连接。 致动器组件可以大量制造，以提供具有均匀机械和致动特性的通用致动器，其将可忽略的质量负载引入到工件中。 卡本身可以被布置为独立的机械致动器，相当于其中感应应变改变卡的位置的应变传递致动器。 钉扎或悬臂卡的各种布置可以用作推动器，弯曲机或其它动作致动器，并且诸如动力波纹管的结构可以通过折叠一个或多个适当图案化的卡直接形成。

    Packaged strain actuator
    18.
    发明授权
    Packaged strain actuator 失效
    包装应变致动器

    公开(公告)号：US06404107B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-06-11

    申请号：US09261475

    申请日：1999-02-26

    Applicant: Kenneth B. Lazarus ,  Mark E. Lundstrom ,  Jeffrey W. Moore ,  Edward Crawley ,  Farla Russo ,  Shoko Yoshikawa

    Inventor： Kenneth B. Lazarus ,  Mark E. Lundstrom ,  Jeffrey W. Moore ,  Edward Crawley ,  Farla Russo ,  Shoko Yoshikawa

    IPC: H01L4108

    CPC classification number: H01L41/0993 ,  G03F7/70725 ,  H01L41/047 ,  H01L41/053 ,  H01L41/0926 ,  H01L41/0933 ,  H01L41/094 ,  H01L41/0953 ,  H04R17/08

    Abstract: A modular actuator assembly includes one or more plates or elements of electro-active material bonded to an electroded sheet, preferably by a structural polymer to form a card. The card is sealed, and may itself constitute a practical device, such as a vane, shaker, stirrer, lever, pusher or sonicator for direct contact with a solid or immersion in a fluid, or may be bonded by a stiff adhesive to make a surface-to-surface mechanical coupling with a solid workpiece, device, substrate machine or sample. The structural polymer provides a bending stiffness such that the thin plate does not deform to its breaking point, and a mechanical stiffness such that shear forces are efficiently coupled from the plate to the workpiece. In further embodiments, the card may include active circuit elements for switching, powering or processing signals, and/or passive circuit elements for filtering, matching or damping signals, so that few or no connections to outside circuitry are required. The actuator assembly can be manufactured in quantity, to provide a versatile actuator with uniform mechanical and actuation characteristics, that introduces negligible mass loading to the workpiece. The cards themselves may be arranged as independent mechanical actuators, rather than strain-transfer actuators, in which the induced strain changes the position of the card. Various arrangements of pinned or cantilevered cards may act as a pusher, bender or other motive actuator, and structures such as powered bellows may be formed directly by folding one or more suitably patterned cards.

    Abstract translation: 模块化致动器组件包括一个或多个电活性材料的板或元件，其结合到电镀片材上，优选地通过结构聚合物形成卡片。 该卡被密封，并且本身可以构成用于与固体直接接触或浸入流体中的实际装置，例如叶片，摇动器，搅拌器，杠杆，推动器或超声波器，或者可以通过刚性粘合剂粘合以形成 与实体工件，器件，基板机器或样品的表面到表面的机械耦合。 结构聚合物提供弯曲刚度，使得薄板不会变形到其断裂点，并且具有机械刚度，使得剪切力从板有效地耦合到工件。 在另外的实施例中，卡可以包括用于切换，供电或处理信号的有源电路元件，和/或用于滤波，匹配或阻尼信号的无源电路元件，使得很少或者不需要与外部电路的连接。 致动器组件可以大量制造，以提供具有均匀机械和致动特性的通用致动器，其将可忽略的质量负载引入到工件中。 卡本身可以被布置为独立的机械致动器，而不是应变传递致动器，其中感应应变改变卡的位置。 钉扎或悬臂卡的各种布置可以用作推动器，弯曲机或其它动作致动器，并且诸如动力波纹管的结构可以通过折叠一个或多个适当图案化的卡直接形成。

    Recreational snowboard
    19.
    发明授权
    Recreational snowboard 失效
    休闲滑雪板

    公开(公告)号：US06345834B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-02-12

    申请号：US08957839

    申请日：1997-10-27

    Applicant: Emanuele Bianchini ,  Kenneth B. Lazarus ,  Jeffrey W. Moore ,  Robert N. Jacques ,  Jonathan C. Allen

    Inventor： Emanuele Bianchini ,  Kenneth B. Lazarus ,  Jeffrey W. Moore ,  Robert N. Jacques ,  Jonathan C. Allen

    IPC: A63C5075

    CPC classification number: A63C5/075 ,  A63B53/00 ,  A63B60/54 ,  A63B2208/12 ,  A63C5/03

    Abstract: A recreational board such as a snowboard incorporates strain transducers to damp a plate resonance of the board. The strain transducers are preferably located around a peripheral region to capture strain energy affecting control edges, for example steering control edges at the front and/or rear of the board. Electrical energy from the transducers is shunted to damp a targeted resonance. In a preferred embodiment the strain transducers cover a region of the snowboard adjacent one surface and extending along the forward periphery, preferably at both inside and outside edges, and are shunted with a resonant shunt tuned to a torsional or torsion-like mode of the board that is excited during steering maneuvers. The transducers may be fabricated as preassembled sheets or may be formed in the snowboard during the assembly process using sheets of piezoceramic material, or using piezo fiber or other composite constructions. The strain material may be positioned to preferentially shift or damp one resonance mode, and/or it may be arranged to exert a directional effect or anisotropic control authority. A passively operated embodiment employs a simple resistive shunt to enhance control of strain energy at the frequency of a resonant mode of the snowboard. Damping of that mode reduces chatter of the steering edges in use. The strain elements may be used in conjunction with viscoelastic or other damping mechanisms to tailor the overall level of mechanical control and limit the allowed excitations of the board.

    Abstract translation: 诸如滑雪板的娱乐板包括应变传感器以阻止板的共振。 应变传感器优选地围绕周边区域定位以捕获影响控制边缘的应变能，例如在板的前部和/或后部的转向控制边缘。 来自换能器的电能被分流以阻尼目标共振。 在优选实施例中，应变传感器覆盖邻近一个表面的滑雪板的区域，并且沿着前部周边延伸，优选地在内部和外部边缘处延伸，并且利用调谐到板的扭转或扭转模式的谐振分流器分流 在转向机动时激动。 传感器可以制造为预组装的片材，或者可以在组装过程中使用压片陶瓷材料片材，或使用压电纤维或其它复合结构形成在滑雪板中。 应变材料可以被定位成优先移位或抑制一个共振模式，和/或其可以被布置成施加方向效应或各向异性控制权限。 被动操作的实施例采用简单的电阻分路来增强在滑雪板的谐振模式的频率处的应变能的控制。 该模式的阻尼减少了使用中转向边缘的颤动。 应变元件可以与粘弹性或其他阻尼机构结合使用，以适应机械控制的总体水平并限制板的允许激励。

    Golf club
    20.
    发明授权
    Golf club 失效
    高尔夫俱乐部

    公开(公告)号：US06196935B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-03-06

    申请号：US09057972

    申请日：1998-04-09

    Applicant: Ronald Spangler ,  David Gilbert ,  Carl Prestia ,  Emanuele Bianchini ,  Kenneth B. Lazarus ,  Jeffrey W. Moore ,  Robert N. Jacques ,  Jonathan C. Allen ,  Farla M. Russo

    Inventor： Ronald Spangler ,  David Gilbert ,  Carl Prestia ,  Emanuele Bianchini ,  Kenneth B. Lazarus ,  Jeffrey W. Moore ,  Robert N. Jacques ,  Jonathan C. Allen ,  Farla M. Russo

    IPC: A63B5300

    CPC classification number: A63B53/00 ,  A63B60/00 ,  A63B60/54 ,  A63C5/075

    Abstract: A golf club includes an electroactive assembly attached to the club and electrically tuned to capture energy from one or more vibrational modes with high efficiency. More generally, a sports implement includes an electroactive element, such as a piezoceramic sheet attached to the implement, and a circuit attached to the electroactive element. The circuit may be a shunt, or may include processing such as amplification and phase control to apply a driving signal which may compensate for strain sensed in the implement, or may simply alter the stiffness to affect performance. The electroactive element is located in a region of high strain to apply damping, and may include plural subassemblies mounted to capture energy in different planes, or to capture an asymmetric strain distribution while maintaining structural symmetry. In a ski the element captures between about one and five percent of the strain energy of the ski. The region of high strain may be found by modeling mechanics of the sports implement, or may be located by empirically mapping the strain distribution which occurs during use of the implement. In other embodiments, the electroactive elements may remove resonances, adapt performance to different situations, or enhance handling or comfort of the implement. Other embodiments include striking implements intended to hit a ball or object in play, such as mallets, bats and tennis racquets, wherein the strain elements may alter the performance, feel or comfort of the implement. The electroactive elements may be configured in sets to capture energy in different modes, and/or energy distributed along different directions.

    Abstract translation: 高尔夫球杆包括附接到球杆的电动组件，并且被电调谐以从高效率的一个或多个振动模式捕获能量。 更一般地，运动器具包括电活性元件，例如附接到器具的压电陶瓷片和连接到电活性元件的电路。 该电路可以是分流器，或者可以包括诸如放大和相位控制的处理以施加可以补偿在工具中感测到的应变的驱动信号，或者可以简单地改变刚度以影响性能。 电活性元件位于高应变区域以施加阻尼，并且可以包括安装成在不同平面中捕获能量的多个子组件，或者捕获不对称应变分布同时保持结构对称性。 在滑雪板中，元素捕获滑雪板的约百分之一至百分之五的应变能量。 高应变区域可以通过运动器具的建模力学来发现，或者可以通过经验地绘制在使用中发生的应变分布来定位。 在其它实施例中，电活性元件可以去除谐振，适应不同情况的性能，或增强器具的处理或舒适度。 其他实施例包括旨在击打球或游戏中的对象的打击工具，例如槌，蝙蝠和网球拍，其中应变元件可改变工具的性能，感觉或舒适性。 电活性元件可以被配置成以不同模式捕获能量和/或沿着不同方向分布的能量。

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