摘要:
Monoclonal neutralizing antibodies are disclosed that specifically bind to the CD4 binding site of HIV-1 gp120. Monoclonal neutralizing antibodies also are disclosed that specifically bind to HIV-1 gp41. The identification of these antibodies, and uses of these antibodies, are also disclosed. Methods are also provided for enhancing the binding and neutralizing activity of any antibody using epitope scaffold probes.
摘要:
Monoclonal neutralizing antibodies are disclosed that specifically bind to the CD4 binding site of HIV-1 gp120. Monoclonal neutralizing antibodies also are disclosed that specifically bind to HIV-1 gp41. The identification of these antibodies, and the use of these antibodies are also disclosed. Methods are also provided for enhancing the binding and neutralizing activity of any antibody using epitope scaffold probes.
摘要:
Computational protocols for the design of epitope-protein scaffolds which elicit selected neutralizing antibodies are disclosed, and related compositions and uses.
摘要:
Disclosed are antigens that include a target epitope that is defined by atomic coordinates of those amino acids of the antigen that contact an antibody of interest that specifically binds the antigen. The disclosed antigens have between about 10% and about 90% of surface exposed amino acid residues located exterior of the target epitope substituted as compared to a wild-type antigen and less than about 10% of the non-surface exposed amino acid residues substituted as compared to a wild-type antigen. Also disclosed are nucleic acids encoding these antigens and methods of producing these antigens. Methods for generating an immune response in a subject are also disclosed. In some embodiments, the method is a method for treating or preventing a human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) infection in a subject.
摘要:
The present disclosure relates to stabilized forms of the HIV gp120 envelope protein in complex with the broadly neutralizing CD4-binding site antibody b12, to crystalline forms of the stabilized forms of the HIV gp120 envelope protein in complex with the broadly neutralizing CD4-binding site antibody b12, and to the high resolution structure obtained from these crystals by X-ray diffraction methods. Methods for identifying immunogenic polypeptides based on these structures are also disclosed.
摘要:
An improved multi-stroke DIG or diesel engine and method includes a cylinder formed within an engine cylinder block, a piston is movably disposed within the cylinder, and a combustion chamber is formed in a space between the piston and a cylinder head. An injector is disposed within the engine cylinder head for supplying fuel into the cylinder. An intake valve is disposed within an intake opening formed in the engine and an exhaust valve is disposed within an exhaust opening formed in the engine. An actuator is connected to the piston, wherein movement of the piston causes the actuator to open the exhaust valve a first predetermined amount at a beginning of the compression stroke of the piston to vent air through an exhaust channel formed in the engine and to close the exhaust valve after a predetermined period of time within the compression stroke of the piston.