摘要:
To program in a nonvolatile memory device include a plurality of memory cells that are programmed into multiple states through at least two program steps, a primary program is performed from an erase level to a first target level with respect to the memory cells coupled to a selected word line A preprogram is performed from the erase level to a preprogram level in association with the primary program with respect to the memory cells coupled to the selected word line, where the preprogram level is larger than the erase level and smaller than the first target level A secondary program is performed from the preprogram level to a second target level with respect to the preprogrammed memory cells coupled to the selected word line.
摘要:
The inventive concept provides optic couplers, optical fiber laser devices, and active optical modules using the same. The optic coupler may include a first optical fiber having a first core and a first cladding surrounding the first core, a second optical fiber having a second core transmitting a signal light to the first optical fiber and a third cladding surrounding the second core, third optical fibers transmitting pump-light to the first optical fiber in a direction parallel to the second optical fiber; and a connector connected between the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber, the connector extending the third optical fibers disposed around the second optical fiber toward the first optical fiber, the connector comprising a third core connected between the first core and the second core and a fifth cladding surrounding the third core.
摘要:
Provided is a nuclear fuel assembly positioning system having a built-in solenoid valve box in an apparatus for testing nuclear fuel used in an atomic power plant. A work table is installed at a predetermined position within an underwater fuel storage pool, and a solenoid valve box connected to two pneumatic hoses extending from the outside is integrally installed on an test table so as to drive the test table, so that only the two pneumatic hoses simplified as a gas supply hose and a gas discharge hose are connected with the test table, and thus the nuclear fuel assembly is accurately and rapidly positioned as to be able to conveniently perform testing without the structures around the hoses being interfered with when pneumatic motors are operated.
摘要:
A solar cell is provided with a hetero-junction front structure (e.g., P/N or P/I/N) and is further provided in a back portion of thereof with a passivation layer having a plurality of openings defined therethrough. A BSF-forming binder material and a back face electrode are provided contacting the back surface and are fired to thereby bind the back face electrode to the structure and to form a BSF region extending from the openings of the passivation layer.
摘要翻译:太阳能电池设置有异质结前结构(例如,P / N或P / I / N),并且在其后部还设置有具有通过其限定的多个开口的钝化层。 提供形成BSF的粘合剂材料和背面电极,其与后表面接触并被烧制,从而将背面电极结合到结构上并形成从钝化层的开口延伸的BSF区域。
摘要:
Provided is a hybrid laser diode. The hybrid laser diode includes: a silicon layer constituting a slab waveguide; and a compound semiconductor layer disposed on the silicon layer to constitute a channel waveguide.
摘要:
Provided are a waveguide structure and an arrayed waveguide grating structure. The arrayed waveguide grating structure includes an input star coupler, an output star coupler, and a plurality of arrayed waveguides optically connecting the input star coupler and the output star coupler. Each of the arrayed waveguides includes at least one section having a high confinement factor and at least two sections having a relatively low confinement factor. The sections of the arrayed waveguides having a high confinement factor have the same structure.
摘要:
Provided is a photonics device. The photonics device includes: a substrate including a star coupler region and a transition region; a lower core layer formed on the substrate; and upper core patterns formed on the substrate to define a waveguide. The upper core patterns are disposed on the lower core layer at the transition region, so that the transition region has a multi-layered core structure.
摘要:
Provided is a hybrid laser diode. The hybrid laser diode includes: a silicon layer constituting a slab waveguide; and a compound semiconductor layer disposed on the silicon layer to constitute a channel waveguide.
摘要:
The present invention relates to an optical deflector driven by an electrical signal, and a wavelength tunable external resonator using the same. The optical deflector of a triangle shape, capable of controlling the refractive index of a beam depending on the electrical signal, is positioned between a reflection mirror and a diffraction grating in a Littman-Metcalf mode external resonator or between a lens and the diffraction grating in a Littrow mode external resonator. Thus, even with the reflection mirror and the diffracting grating fixed, the refractive index of the beam generated from a laser diode can be controlled by adjusting the electrical signal applied to the optical deflector, so that beam having a specific wavelength can be focused and the wavelength can be rapidly and consecutively tuned.
摘要:
A method of generating an IEEE 1394 virtual network in which a virtual network is constructed on the IEEE 1394 network and respective nodes sense the virtual network and a controller for generating the virtual network. The method steps of connecting a virtual network controller for generating a virtual self ID packet including a virtual node ID information required for constructing a virtual network to a predetermined IEEE 1394 network, the respective nodes and the virtual network controller constructing the IEEE 1394 network for determining whether they are branches or leaves by performing virtual bus initialization, determining parent ports and child ports with respect to the ports of the respective nodes and a root node by performing a virtual tree identification, and determining the physical node IDs of the respective nodes by sending the prepared virtual self ID packet.