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公开(公告)号：US20140281588A1
公开(公告)日：2014-09-18
申请号：US14212049
申请日：2014-03-14
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Andrew W. Vogan , Matthew J. Byom , Alexander C. Sanks , Daniel J. Post , Hari Hara Kumar Maharaj , Nir Jacob Wakrat , Kenneth L. Herman
IPC: H04L9/08
CPC classification number: G06F21/79 , G06F2221/2107
Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for generating efficient reads for a system having non-volatile memory (“NVM”). A read command can be separated by a host processor of the system into two phases: a) transmitting a command to a storage processor of the system, where the command is associated with one or more logical addresses, and b) generating data transfer information. The host processor can generate the data transfer information while the storage processor is processing the command from the host processor. Once the data transfer information has been generated and data has been read from the NVM, the data can be transferred.
Abstract translation: 公开了用于为具有非易失性存储器（“NVM”）的系统生成有效读取的系统和方法。 读取命令可以由系统的主机处理器分成两个阶段：a）将命令发送到系统的存储处理器，其中命令与一个或多个逻辑地址相关联，以及b）生成数据传输信息。 主机处理器可以在存储处理器正在处理来自主机处理器的命令时产生数据传输信息。 一旦生成了数据传输信息，并且已经从NVM读取了数据，则可以传送数据。
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公开(公告)号：US20130212344A1
公开(公告)日：2013-08-15
申请号：US13833229
申请日：2013-03-15
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Matthew J. Byom , Daniel J. Post , Vadim Khmelnitsky
IPC: G06F12/12
CPC classification number: G06F12/123 , G11C16/349 , G11C29/42 , G11C29/82 , G11C29/883 , G11C2029/0409 , G11C2029/0411
Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for selectively retiring blocks based on refresh events of those blocks. In addition to refresh events, other criteria may be applied in making a decision whether to retire a block. By applying the criteria, the system is able to selectively retire blocks that may otherwise continue to be refreshed.
Abstract translation: 提供了系统和方法，用于基于这些块的刷新事件来选择性地退出块。 除了刷新事件之外，还可以采用其他标准来决定是否退出块。 通过应用标准，系统能够选择性地退出可能会继续刷新的块。
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公开(公告)号：US09104329B2
公开(公告)日：2015-08-11
申请号：US14305488
申请日：2014-06-16
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Daniel J. Post , Nir Jacob Wakrat , Vadim Khmelnitsky
CPC classification number: G06F3/0643 , G06F11/1417 , G06F11/1435 , G06F12/0246 , G06F17/30218
Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for mount-time reconciliation of data availability. During system boot-up, a non-volatile memory (“NVM”) driver can be enumerated, and an NVM driver mapping can be obtained. The NVM driver mapping can include the actual availability of LBAs in the NVM. A file system can then be mounted, and a file system allocation state can be generated. The file system allocation state can indicate the file system's view of the availability of LBAs. Subsequently, data availability reconciliation can be performed. That is, the file system allocation state and the NVM driver mapping can be overlaid and compared with one another in order to expose any discrepancies.
Abstract translation: 披露了数据可用性的安装时间调节的系统和方法。 在系统启动期间，可以列举非易失性存储器（“NVM”）驱动程序，并且可以获得NVM驱动程序映射。 NVM驱动程序映射可以包括NVM中LBA的实际可用性。 然后可以安装文件系统，并且可以生成文件系统分配状态。 文件系统分配状态可以指示文件系统对LBA可用性的视图。 随后，可以执行数据可用性协调。 也就是说，文件系统分配状态和NVM驱动程序映射可以被叠加并相互比较，以便暴露任何差异。
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公开(公告)号：US09069695B2
公开(公告)日：2015-06-30
申请号：US13829088
申请日：2013-03-14
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Andrew W. Vogan , Daniel J. Post
CPC classification number: G06F3/0619 , G06F3/0631 , G06F3/0679 , G06F11/1004 , G06F11/1008 , G06F11/1048
Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for correction block errors. In particular, a system can store a parity page per page-modulo, where a pre-determined number of pages of a block or a band of the NVM may be allocated as page-modulo XOR (“PMX”) parity pages. This can be a space efficient approach for recovering from single-block data errors such as, for example, single-page uncorrectable error-correcting codes (“uECCs”) and/or errors caused by word line shorts.
Abstract translation: 公开了用于校正块错误的系统和方法。 特别地，系统可以每页模数地存储奇偶校验页，其中可以将NVM的块或带的预定数量的页分配为页模XOR（“PMX”）奇偶页。 这可以是用于从单块数据错误（例如，单页不可校正纠错码（“uECC”））和/或由字线短路引起的错误进行恢复的空间有效的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US20140112079A1
公开(公告)日：2014-04-24
申请号：US14144041
申请日：2013-12-30
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Nir J. Wakrat , Daniel J. Post , Kenneth L. Herman , Vadim Khmelnitsky , Nicholas C. Seroff , Hsiao H. Thio , Matthew J. Byom
IPC: G11C16/30
CPC classification number: G11C16/30 , G06F1/26 , G06F1/3203
Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for managing the peak power consumption of a system, such as a non-volatile memory system (e.g., flash memory system). The system can include multiple subsystems and a controller for controlling the subsystems. Each subsystem may have a current profile that is peaky. Thus, the controller may control the peak power of the system by, for example, limiting the number of subsystems that can perform power-intensive operations at the same time or by aiding a subsystem in determining the peak power that the subsystem may consume at any given time.
Abstract translation: 公开了用于管理诸如非易失性存储器系统（例如，闪存系统）的系统的峰值功率消耗的系统和方法。 该系统可以包括多个子系统和用于控制子系统的控制器。 每个子系统可以具有峰值的当前轮廓。 因此，控制器可以通过例如限制可以同时执行功率密集型操作的子系统的数量来控制系统的峰值功率，或通过辅助子系统来确定子系统可能消耗的峰值功率 给定时间
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：US20170102899A1
公开(公告)日：2017-04-13
申请号：US15385429
申请日：2016-12-20
Applicant: APPLE INC.
Inventor： Daniel J. Post , Matthew J. Byom , Vadim Khmelnitsky , Nir Jacob Wakrat , Kenneth L. Herman
CPC classification number: G06F3/0643 , G06F3/061 , G06F3/0644 , G06F3/0652 , G06F3/0679 , G06F11/1068 , G06F12/0246 , G06F2212/7202 , G11C29/52
Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for partitioning data for storage in a non-volatile memory (“NVM”), such as flash memory. In some embodiments, a priority may be assigned to data being stored, and the data may be logically partitioned based on the priority. For example, a file system may identify a logical address within a first predetermined range for higher priority data and within a second predetermined range for lower priority data, such using a union file system. Using the logical address, a NVM driver can determine the priority of data being stored and can process (e.g., encode) the data based on the priority. The NVM driver can store an identifier in the NVM along with the data, and the identifier can indicate the processing techniques used on the associated data.
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公开(公告)号：US09342449B2
公开(公告)日：2016-05-17
申请号：US14745994
申请日：2015-06-22
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Daniel J. Post , Vadim Khmelnitsky , Nir Jacob Wakrat
CPC classification number: G06F12/0246 , G06F11/1402 , G06F11/1666 , G06F2212/7201 , G06F2212/7207
Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for storing data to or reading data from a non-volatile memory (“NVM”), such as flash memory, using a metadata redundancy scheme. In some embodiments, an electronic device, which includes an NVM, may also include a memory interface for controlling access to the NVM. The memory interface may receive requests to write user data to the NVM. The user data from each request may be associated with metadata, such as a logical address, flags, or other data. In response to a write request, the NVM interface may store the user data and its associated metadata in a first memory location (e.g., page), and may store a redundant copy of the metadata in a second memory location. This way, even if the first memory location becomes inaccessible, the memory interface can still recover the metadata from the backup copy stored in the second memory location.
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公开(公告)号：US09239785B2
公开(公告)日：2016-01-19
申请号：US14299516
申请日：2014-06-09
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Daniel J. Post , Nir J. Wakrat
CPC classification number: G06F12/0246 , G06F3/0616 , G06F3/064 , G06F3/0679 , G06F7/588 , G06F2212/7211 , G11C16/349
Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for stochastic block allocation for improved wear leveling for a system having non-volatile memory (“NVM”). The system can probabilistically allocate a block or super block for wear leveling based on statistics associated with the block or super block. In some embodiments, the system can select a set of blocks or super blocks based on a pre-determined threshold of a number of cycles (e.g., erase cycles and/or write cycles). The block or super block can then be selected from the set of super blocks. In other embodiments, the system can use a fully stochastic approach by selecting a block or super block based on a biased random variable. The biased random variable may be generated based in part on the number of cycles associated with each block or super block of the NVM.
Abstract translation: 公开了用于随机块分配的系统和方法，用于具有非易失性存储器（“NVM”）的系统的改进的磨损均衡。 基于与块或超级块相关联的统计量，系统可以概率地分配块或超级块用于磨损均衡。 在一些实施例中，系统可以基于多个周期（例如，擦除周期和/或写周期）的预定阈值来选择一组块或超块。 然后可以从超级块集中选择块或超级块。 在其他实施例中，系统可以通过基于偏置随机变量选择块或超块来使用完全随机的方法。 可以部分地基于与NVM的每个块或超级块相关联的周期数来生成偏置随机变量。
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公开(公告)号：US20150309928A1
公开(公告)日：2015-10-29
申请号：US14745994
申请日：2015-06-22
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Daniel J. Post , Vadim Khmelnitsky , Nir Jacob Wakrat
IPC: G06F12/02
CPC classification number: G06F12/0246 , G06F11/1402 , G06F11/1666 , G06F2212/7201 , G06F2212/7207
Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for storing data to or reading data from a non-volatile memory (“NVM”), such as flash memory, using a metadata redundancy scheme. In some embodiments, an electronic device, which includes an NVM, may also include a memory interface for controlling access to the NVM. The memory interface may receive requests to write user data to the NVM. The user data from each request may be associated with metadata, such as a logical address, flags, or other data. In response to a write request, the NVM interface may store the user data and its associated metadata in a first memory location (e.g., page), and may store a redundant copy of the metadata in a second memory location. This way, even if the first memory location becomes inaccessible, the memory interface can still recover the metadata from the backup copy stored in the second memory location.
Abstract translation: 提供了系统和方法，用于使用元数据冗余方案将数据存储到非易失性存储器（“NVM”）或从闪存中读取数据。 在一些实施例中，包括NVM的电子设备还可以包括用于控制对NVM的访问的存储器接口。 存储器接口可以接收将用户数据写入NVM的请求。 来自每个请求的用户数据可以与诸如逻辑地址，标志或其他数据的元数据相关联。 响应于写入请求，NVM接口可以将用户数据及其相关联的元数据存储在第一存储器位置（例如，页面）中，并且可以将元数据的冗余副本存储在第二存储器位置中。 这样，即使第一存储器位置变得不可访问，存储器接口仍然可以从存储在第二存储器位置的备份副本中恢复元数据。
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公开(公告)号：US08737148B2
公开(公告)日：2014-05-27
申请号：US13833229
申请日：2013-03-15
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Matthew J. Byom , Daniel J. Post , Vadim Khmelnitsky
IPC: G11C29/00
CPC classification number: G06F12/123 , G11C16/349 , G11C29/42 , G11C29/82 , G11C29/883 , G11C2029/0409 , G11C2029/0411
Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for selectively retiring blocks based on refresh events of those blocks. In addition to refresh events, other criteria may be applied in making a decision whether to retire a block. By applying the criteria, the system is able to selectively retire blocks that may otherwise continue to be refreshed.
Abstract translation: 提供了系统和方法，用于基于这些块的刷新事件来选择性地退出块。 除了刷新事件之外，还可以采用其他标准来决定是否退出块。 通过应用标准，系统能够选择性地退出可能会继续刷新的块。
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