公开(公告)号：US20140325308A1

公开(公告)日：2014-10-30

申请号：US14330203

申请日：2014-07-14

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Uri Perlmutter ,  Naftali Sommer ,  Ofir Shalvi

IPC: G06F11/10

CPC classification number: G06F11/10 ,  G06F11/1008 ,  G06F11/1068 ,  G11C2029/0411 ,  H03M13/00 ,  H03M13/3761

Abstract: A method for data storage includes storing data, which is encoded with an Error Correction Code (ECC), in a group of analog memory cells by writing respective first storage values to the memory cells in the group. After storing the data, respective second storage values are read from the memory cells in the group, and the read second storage values are processed so as to decode the ECC. Responsively to a failure in decoding the ECC, one or more of the second storage values that potentially caused the failure are identified as suspect storage values. Respective third storage values are re-read from a subset of the memory cells that includes the memory cells holding the suspect storage values. The ECC is re-decoded using the third storage values so as to reconstruct the stored data.

Abstract translation: 一种用于数据存储的方法包括通过将相应的第一存储值写入组中的存储器单元来将经错误校正码（ECC）编码的数据存储在一组模拟存储器单元中。 在存储数据之后，从组中的存储器单元读取相应的第二存储值，并且处理读取的第二存储值以便对ECC进行解码。 响应于对ECC的解码失败，可​​能导致故障的一个或多个第二存储值被识别为可疑存储值。 从包含存储可疑存储值的存储单元的存储器单元的子集重新读取相应的第三存储值。 使用第三存储值对ECC进行重新解码，以重建存储的数据。

公开(公告)号：US08750046B2

公开(公告)日：2014-06-10

申请号：US14041219

申请日：2013-09-30

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Ofir Shalvi ,  Naftali Sommer ,  Uri Perlmutter ,  Dotan Sokolov

IPC: G11C16/04

CPC classification number: G06F11/1068 ,  G11C11/5628 ,  G11C11/5642 ,  G11C16/26 ,  G11C27/005 ,  G11C2211/5641

Abstract: A method for data storage includes accepting data for storage in a memory that includes multiple analog memory cells and supports a set of built-in programming commands. Each of the programming commands programs a respective page, selected from a group of N pages, in a subset of the memory cells. The subset of the memory cells is programmed to store M pages of the data, M>N, by performing a sequence of the programming commands drawn only from the set.

Abstract translation: 一种用于数据存储的方法包括接收用于存储在包括多个模拟存储器单元的存储器中的数据，并且支持一组内置的编程命令。 每个编程命令在存储器单元的子集中编写从一组N页中选择的相应页面。 存储器单元的子集被编程为通过执行仅从集合中绘制的编程命令的序列来存储数据的M页M> N。

公开(公告)号：US20140157090A1

公开(公告)日：2014-06-05

申请号：US14173965

申请日：2014-02-06

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Ofir Shalvi ,  Naftali Sommer ,  Dotan Sokolov ,  Yoav Kasorla

IPC: G11C16/34 ,  G06F11/10

CPC classification number: G11C11/5628 ,  G06F11/1008 ,  G06F11/1068 ,  G11C11/56 ,  G11C16/34 ,  G11C16/3459 ,  G11C29/00 ,  G11C29/52 ,  H03M13/2906

Abstract: A method for data storage includes storing first data bits in a set of multi-bit analog memory cells at a first time by programming the memory cells to assume respective first programming levels. Second data bits are stored in the set of memory cells at a second time that is later than the first time by programming the memory cells to assume respective second programming levels that depend on the first programming levels and on the second data bits. A storage strategy is selected responsively to a difference between the first and second times. The storage strategy is applied to at least one group of the data bits, selected from among the first data bits and the second data bits.

Abstract translation: 一种用于数据存储的方法包括：通过对存储器单元进行编程来采用各自的第一编程级别，来将第一数据位在第一时间存储在一组多位模拟存储单元中。 第二数据位通过对存储器单元进行编程以采取依赖于第一编程电平和第二数据位的相应的第二编程电平而在比第一时间晚的第二时间存储在存储单元组中。 响应于第一次和第二次之间的差异选择存储策略。 将存储策略应用于从第一数据位和第二数据位中选择的至少一组数据位。

公开(公告)号：US20130283122A1

公开(公告)日：2013-10-24

申请号：US13921446

申请日：2013-06-19

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Micha Anholt ,  Or Ordentlich ,  Naftali Sommer ,  Ofir Shalvi

IPC: H03M13/29

CPC classification number: H03M13/29 ,  G06F11/1012 ,  G11C29/00 ,  G11C2029/1804

Abstract: A method for data storage includes encoding each of multiple data items individually using a first Error Correction Code (ECC) to produce respective encoded data items. The encoded data items are stored in a memory. The multiple data items are encoded jointly using a second ECC, so as to produce a code word of the second ECC, and only a part of the code word is stored in the memory. The stored encoded data items are recalled from the memory and the first ECC is decoded in order to reconstruct the data items. Upon a failure to reconstruct a given data item from a respective given encoded data item by decoding the first ECC, the given data item is reconstructed based on the part of the code word of the second ECC and on the encoded data items other than the given encoded data item.

Abstract translation: 一种用于数据存储的方法包括使用第一纠错码（ECC）分别对多个数据项中的每一个进行编码，以产生相应的编码数据项。 编码数据项存储在存储器中。 多个数据项使用第二ECC共同编码，以便产生第二ECC的代码字，并且仅一部分代码字被存储在存储器中。 存储的编码数据项被从存储器调用，并且第一ECC被解码以便重构数据项。 在通过解码第一ECC无法从相应的给定编码数据项中重建给定数据项时，基于第二ECC的代码字的部分和除了给定的编码数据项之外的编码数据项重建给定数据项 编码数据项。

公开(公告)号：US08547740B2

公开(公告)日：2013-10-01

申请号：US13734335

申请日：2013-01-04

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Naftali Sommer ,  Ofir Shalvi ,  Uri Perlmutter ,  Oren Golov ,  Eyal Gurgi ,  Micha Anholt ,  Dotan Sokolov

IPC: G11C11/34 ,  G11C16/04

CPC classification number: G11C16/04 ,  G11C8/20 ,  G11C11/5642 ,  G11C16/20 ,  G11C16/28 ,  G11C2211/5634

Abstract: A method for operating a memory (28) that includes a plurality of analog memory cells (32) includes storing data in the memory by writing first storage values to the cells. Second storage values are read from the cells, and a Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of the second storage values is estimated. The estimated CDF is processed so as to compute one or more thresholds. A memory access operation is performed on the cells using the one or more thresholds.

Abstract translation: 一种用于操作包括多个模拟存储单元（32）的存储器（28）的方法包括：通过向单元写入第一存储值来将数据存储在存储器中。 从单元读取第二存储值，并且估计第二存储值的累积分布函数（CDF）。 处理估计的CDF以计算一个或多个阈值。 使用一个或多个阈值对单元执行存储器存取操作。

公开(公告)号：USRE46346E1

公开(公告)日：2017-03-21

申请号：US14226413

申请日：2014-03-26

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Naftali Sommer ,  Ofir Shalvi ,  Dotan Sokolov

IPC: G06F11/10 ,  G06F11/30 ,  G11C8/20 ,  G11C27/00 ,  G11C11/56

CPC classification number: G06F11/1068 ,  G11C8/20 ,  G11C11/56 ,  G11C11/5642 ,  G11C27/005

Abstract: A method for operating a memory (28) includes storing data, which is encoded with an Error Correction Code (ECC), in analog memory cells (32) of the memory by writing respective analog input values selected from a set of nominal values to the analog memory cells. The stored data is read by performing multiple read operations that compare analog output values of the analog memory cells to different, respective read thresholds so as to produce multiple comparison results for each of the analog memory cells. At least two of the read thresholds are positioned between a pair of the nominal values that are adjacent to one another in the set of the nominal values. Soft metrics are computed responsively to the multiple comparison results. The ECC is decoded using the soft metrics, so as to extract the data stored in the analog memory cells.

公开(公告)号：US09292440B2

公开(公告)日：2016-03-22

申请号：US14451687

申请日：2014-08-05

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Ofir Shalvi ,  Naftali Sommer ,  Yoav Kasorla

IPC: G06F12/08 ,  G06F12/02 ,  G06F11/10 ,  G06F3/06

CPC classification number: G06F12/0802 ,  G06F3/061 ,  G06F3/0619 ,  G06F3/0665 ,  G06F3/0688 ,  G06F11/10 ,  G06F11/1008 ,  G06F12/02 ,  G06F12/0223 ,  G06F12/023 ,  G06F12/0246 ,  G06F2212/7205 ,  Y02D10/13

Abstract: A method for data storage includes, in a memory that includes multiple memory blocks, specifying at a first time a first over-provisioning overhead, and storing data in the memory while retaining in the memory blocks memory areas, which do not hold valid data and whose aggregated size is at least commensurate with the specified first over-provisioning overhead. Portions of the data from one or more previously-programmed memory blocks containing one or more of the retained memory areas are compacted. At a second time subsequent to the first time, a second over-provisioning overhead, different from the first over-provisioning overhead, is specified, and data storage and data portion compaction is continued while complying with the second over-provisioning overhead.

公开(公告)号：US09136879B2

公开(公告)日：2015-09-15

申请号：US13921446

申请日：2013-06-19

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Micha Anholt ,  Or Ordentlich ,  Naftali Sommer ,  Ofir Shalvi

IPC: G11C29/00 ,  H03M13/29 ,  G06F11/10 ,  G11C29/18

CPC classification number: H03M13/29 ,  G06F11/1012 ,  G11C29/00 ,  G11C2029/1804

Abstract: A method for data storage includes encoding each of multiple data items individually using a first Error Correction Code (ECC) to produce respective encoded data items. The encoded data items are stored in a memory. The multiple data items are encoded jointly using a second ECC, so as to produce a code word of the second ECC, and only a part of the code word is stored in the memory. The stored encoded data items are recalled from the memory and the first ECC is decoded in order to reconstruct the data items. Upon a failure to reconstruct a given data item from a respective given encoded data item by decoding the first ECC, the given data item is reconstructed based on the part of the code word of the second ECC and on the encoded data items other than the given encoded data item.

Abstract translation: 一种用于数据存储的方法包括使用第一纠错码（ECC）分别对多个数据项中的每一个进行编码，以产生相应的编码数据项。 编码数据项存储在存储器中。 多个数据项使用第二ECC共同编码，以便产生第二ECC的代码字，并且仅一部分代码字被存储在存储器中。 存储的编码数据项被从存储器调用，并且第一ECC被解码以便重构数据项。 在通过解码第一ECC无法从相应的给定编码数据项重构给定数据项时，基于第二ECC的代码字的部分和除了给定的编码数据项之外的编码数据项重建给定数据项 编码数据项。

公开(公告)号：US09086993B2

公开(公告)日：2015-07-21

申请号：US14306764

申请日：2014-06-17

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Dotan Sokolov ,  Naftali Sommer ,  Uri Perlmutter ,  Ofir Shalvi

IPC: G06F11/00 ,  G06F11/10 ,  G11C11/56 ,  G06F12/00

CPC classification number: G06F11/1072 ,  G06F11/1044 ,  G06F11/1048 ,  G06F11/1076 ,  G06F12/00 ,  G11C11/56 ,  G11C29/50004 ,  G11C29/52 ,  G11C2029/5004

Abstract: A method for operating a memory includes storing data in a plurality of analog memory cells that are fabricated on a first semiconductor die by writing input storage values to a group of the analog memory cells. After storing the data, multiple output storage values are read from each of the analog memory cells in the group using respective, different threshold sets of read thresholds, thus providing multiple output sets of the output storage values corresponding respectively to the threshold sets. The multiple output sets of the output storage values are preprocessed by circuitry that is fabricated on the first semiconductor die, to produce preprocessed data. The preprocessed data is provided to a memory controller, which is fabricated on a second semiconductor die that is different from the first semiconductor die. so as to enable the memory controller to reconstruct the data responsively to the preprocessed data.

Abstract translation: 一种用于操作存储器的方法包括：通过将输入存储值写入到一组模拟存储器单元中，将数据存储在制造在第一半导体管芯上的多个模拟存储器单元中。 在存储数据之后，使用相应的不同的阈值集合读取组中每个模拟存储器单元的多个输出存储值，从而提供分别对应于阈值集合的输出存储值的多个输出组。 输出存储值的多个输出组由在第一半导体管芯上制造的电路预处理，以产生预处理的数据。 预处理数据被提供给存储器控制器，该存储器控制器制造在与第一半导体管芯不同的第二半导体管芯上。 以使得存储器控制器能够响应于预处理的数据重构数据。

公开(公告)号：US20150055388A1

公开(公告)日：2015-02-26

申请号：US14526833

申请日：2014-10-29

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Dotan Sokolov ,  Naftali Sommer ,  Uri Perlmutter ,  Ofir Shalvi

IPC: G11C27/00

CPC classification number: G11C27/005 ,  G11C7/02 ,  G11C11/5628 ,  G11C16/3418

Abstract: A method for data storage includes defining a first programming scheme that programs a group of analog memory cells while reducing interference caused by at least one memory cell that neighbors the group, and a second programming scheme that programs the group of the analog memory cells and does not reduce all of the interference reduced by the first programming scheme. One of the first and second programming schemes is selected based on a criterion defined with respect to the analog memory cells. Data is stored in the group of the analog memory cells using the selected programming scheme.

Abstract translation: 一种用于数据存储的方法包括：定义第一编程方案，其编程一组模拟存储器单元，同时减少由与该组相邻的至少一个存储器单元引起的干扰;以及第二编程方案，其对该组模拟存储器单元进行编程 不能减少第一编程方案减少的所有干扰。 基于针对模拟存储器单元定义的标准来选择第一和第二编程方案之一。 使用选择的编程方案将数据存储在模拟存储器单元的组中。