Abstract:
A coupling member configured to bridge outer and inner body portions 3c, 4c in a state of hampering the outer and inner body portions 3c, 4c from being displaced in directions of separating the outer and inner body portions 3c, 4c is constituted by a bridge portion 20a integral with a caliper 5c including the outer and inner body portions 3c, 4c. Further, a brake torque applied to the inner and outer pads 11a, 12a is supported by outer side coupling pins 13a, 13a configured to bridge two end portions of the outer and inner body portions 3c, 4c.
Abstract:
A cylinder inflow exhaust gas amount calculation system of an internal combustion engine provided with an intake passage, an exhaust passage, an exhaust gas recirculation passage connecting the intake passage and exhaust passage, and an exhaust gas flow rate control valve arranged in the exhaust gas recirculation passage for controlling the flow rate of the exhaust gas flowing in the exhaust gas recirculation passage, and the system calculating an amount of cylinder inflow exhaust gas defined as an amount of exhaust gas flowing into a cylinder, utilizing an amount of passage exhaust gas defined as an amount of exhaust gas passing through the exhaust gas flow rate control valve, wherein an amount of cylinder inflow exhaust gas is calculated considering the dead time corresponding to the time taken until the exhaust gas passing through the exhaust gas flow rate control valve reaches the cylinder and a tracking lag of a change in the amount of cylinder inflow exhaust gas with respect to a change in the amount of passage exhaust gas.
Abstract:
A catalyst degradation determining method includes the steps of: controlling an upstream-of-catalyst air-fuel ratio occurring upstream of a first catalyst to an air-fuel ratio that is rich of a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio so that first and second catalysts store oxygen up to a maximum storage amount of oxygen. The method then includes the steps of controlling the upstream-of-catalyst air-fuel ratio to a first lean air-fuel ratio until an output of a downstream-of-first-catalyst sensor indicates a lean air-fuel ratio, and then to a second lean air-fuel ratio and that has a value that is determined in accordance with an oxidizing-reducing capability index value, until a time point when an output of a downstream-of-second-catalyst air-fuel ratio sensor indicates an air-fuel ratio that is lean.
Abstract:
An intake pipe downstream of a throttle valve is interconnected with an exhaust pipe via an EGR supply pipe and an EGR control valve is disposed in the EGR supply pipe. An engine load ratio (KLoff) in the engine steady operation with the EGR gas being not supplied, and another engine load ratio KLon in the engine steady operation with the EGR gas being supplied are expressed with respective linear functions of an intake pipe pressure (Pm) and stored in advance. The intake pipe pressure (Pm) is detected, KLoff and KLon are calculated from the detected intake pipe pressure (Pm) using the linear function expressions and, then, a difference between these values ΔKL (=KLoff−KLon) is calculated. Based on the difference (ΔKL), the EGR control valve passing-through gas amount, which is an amount of the EGR gas passing through the EGR control valve, is calculated.
Abstract:
An air-fuel ratio feedback system is configured to calculate the deviation between a target air-fuel ratio and an air-fuel ratio sensor value, multiplying a proportional gain by the calculated deviation to obtain a feedback correction value, and add the calculated feedback correction value to the in-cylinder injection quantity of an in-cylinder injector that is obtained by multiplying the fuel injection ratio of the in-cylinder injector by the basic fuel injection quantity. The calculated feedback correction value is not added to the port injection quantity of the intake manifold cylinder.
Abstract:
A catalyst degradation determining method includes the steps of: controlling an upstream-of-catalyst air-fuel ratio occurring upstream of a first catalyst to an air-fuel ratio that is rich of a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio so that first and second catalysts store oxygen up to a maximum storage amount of oxygen. The method then includes the steps of controlling the upstream-of-catalyst air-fuel ratio to a first lean air-fuel ratio until an output of a downstream-of-first-catalyst sensor indicates a lean air-fuel ratio, and then to a second lean air-fuel ratio and that has a value that is determined in accordance with an oxidizing-reducing capability index value, until a time point when an output of a downstream-of-second-catalyst air-fuel ratio sensor indicates an air-fuel ratio that is lean.
Abstract:
In an internal combustion engine, at least one of the pressure and temperature in an intake passage downstream of a throttle valve is calculated using an expression of a relationship established based on the law of conservation of mass among an amount of air passing the throttle valve and flowing into the intake passage, an amount of exhaust gas passing an exhaust gas flow control valve and flowing into the intake passage, and an amount of gas flowing from the intake passage into a cylinder of the engine, and an expression of a relationship established based on the law of conservation of energy among an amount of energy of the air passing the throttle valve and flowing into the intake passage, an amount of energy of the exhaust gas passing the exhaust gas flow control valve and flowing into the intake passage, and an amount of energy of the gas flowing from the intake passage into the cylinder of the engine.
Abstract:
Provided is a belt-drive continuously variable transmission which comprises a pair of drive pulley and driven pulley, and a belt engaged with the pulleys. The belt includes an endless carrier and a plurality of transverse elements closely arranged on the carrier. Each transverse element has an edge and rotatable about the edge in the longitudinal direction of the belt and converging side faces for contact with contact surfaces of the pulleys. Each of the side faces is curved toward each of the contact surfaces in such a manner as to have, when each of the transverse elements is observed in a plan view, such a circular arc that is of a predetermined radius R and has a center located on a straight line perpendicular to each of the contact surfaces and extending through a point at which the edge and each of the contact surfaces meet.
Abstract:
An image recording apparatus includes a plurality of print engine aligned in a advance direction in which a transporting member transports a recording medium. A first one of the plurality of image-forming sections records a first detection pattern on the transporting member and a second one of the plurality of image-forming sections records a second detection pattern on the first detection pattern. A color shift detecting section detects the amount of color shift between the first and second ones of the print engines by measuring an intensity of light reflected by the first and second detection patterns. Based on the amount of color shift, a correcting section corrects a position of the image recorded on the recording medium. The detection pattern may be of different configurations, depending on the direction in which color shift occurs, i.e., traverse, advance, and oblique directions. The detection pattern includes a plurality of blocks aligned in a row, each of the plurality of blocks having at least one stripe.
Abstract:
A power transmission unit for a vehicle is provided. In the power transmission unit, torque is transmitted between an input shaft and an output shaft through a continuously variable transmission and a gear train having an intermediate shaft. The continuously variable transmission adapted to alter a speed ratio continuously is disposed between the input shaft to which a torque of a prime mover is inputted and the output shaft that outputs the torque. The gear train is adapted to establish a speed ratio that cannot be established by the continuously variable transmission, and arranged at a different site from positions of the input shaft and the output shaft. The power transmission unit comprises: a torque reversing device that is adapted to perform a differential action among an input element, an output element and a reaction element adapted to rotate the input element and the output element in opposite directions when rotation thereof is halted, and that is disposed coaxially with the output shaft or the intermediate shaft; a first clutch device that connects at least any of two rotary elements of the torque reversing device; and a brake device that halts rotation of the reaction element. The input shaft is connected with the output shaft through the continuously variable transmission, and a second clutch device is disposed on a torque transmitting route from the input shaft to the output shaft via the continuously variable transmission to allow and interrupt torque transmission therethrough. The input shaft is connected with the output shaft through the gear train and the torque reversing device.