摘要:
A receiver receives an OFDM signal and performs the Fourier transform on the received OFDM signal. In the receiver, a first channel estimation subunit 30 estimates channel characteristics at SP signal positions and interpolates the estimated channel characteristics in the time direction, whereas a second channel estimation subunit 40 estimates channel characteristics at TMCC signal positions. A correlation calculation subunit 50 performs an autocorrelation calculation on the output from the first channel estimation subunit 30, and performs a cross-correlation calculation on the output from the first channel estimation subunit 30 and the output from the second channel estimation subunit 40. By using the results of the autocorrelation calculation and the cross-correlation calculation performed by the correlation calculation subunit 50, a control subunit 60 controls a transfer function of an interpolation filter in a frequency interpolation subunit 70.
摘要:
Channel characteristic calculation unit 23 estimates channel characteristics based on SP signals included in received signals, symbol interpolation filter 24 is able to frequency-shift frequency transfer characteristics and filters output signals of the channel characteristic calculation unit 23. Filter control unit 27 estimates channel characteristics based on CP signals included in the received signals and observes the estimated channel characteristics to determine a shift amount by which the symbol interpolation filter 24 frequency-shifts the frequency transfer characteristics. The symbol interpolation filter 24 frequency-shifts the frequency transfer characteristics based on the shift amount determined by the filter control unit 27.
摘要:
An island of a crystalline semiconductor according to the present invention has an upper surface and a sloped side surface, which are joined together with a curved surface. Crystal grains in a body portion of the island, including the upper surface, and crystal grains in an edge portion of the island, including the sloped side surface, both have average grain sizes that are greater than 0.2 μm.
摘要:
In a transfer apparatus to which MIMO-OFDM is applied, a data transmission method and a data reception method are provided in which, even when there are frequency errors varying among transfer paths, the precision of estimation of an inverse propagation coefficient function can be improved, thereby making it possible to suppress a degradation in characteristics. Among symbols composed of a plurality of subcarriers orthognal to each other, the transfer apparatus uses, as a synchronization symbol, a symbol in which predetermined amplitudes and phases are assigned to a plurality of subcarriers spaced at predetermined frequency intervals. The synchronization symbol is divided into transmission antennas to generate a plurality of synchronization subsymbols, which are in turn simultaneously transmitted from a plurality of transmission antennas. A reception apparatus estimates a frequency error for each transfer path based on synchronization subsymbols included in signals received by a plurality of reception antennas, and based on the estimated frequency errors, corrects the received signals.
摘要:
The present invention includes a method of producing a planar display device by application of the method. The fine partition walls are formed on the surface of a second substrate that constitutes a second panel by jet processing using an abrasive comprised of a powder of calcium carbonate coated with silicone on the surfaces thereof. Each of the particles constituting the abrasive has a three-dimensional shape comprised of a stack of different-sized triangular or more-angular polygonal layers. The maximum particle diameter of the abrasive is not more than ½ times the width of the fine partition walls, and the mean particle diameter of the abrasive is not more than ⅕ times the width of the fine partition walls.
摘要:
A plasma display device disclosed herein is capable of enhancing the contrast of external light, facilitating application of phosphor paste on the bottom of each space surrounded by lattice-like barrier ribs, and reducing a variation in the amount of the phosphor paste applied as much as possible. The lattice-like barrier ribs include lateral ribs extending along a first direction while being nearly in parallel to each other, and vertical ribs extending along a second direction different from the first direction while being nearly in parallel to each other. Each of the lateral ribs is composed of two or more rows of rib elements. Notches for communicating spaces surrounded by the vertical ribs and the lateral ribs to each other in the first direction and/or the second direction are formed at least in portions of the vertical ribs and/or the lateral ribs.
摘要:
A plasma display device disclosed herein is capable of enhancing the contrast of external light, facilitating application of phosphor paste on the bottom of each space surrounded by lattice-like barrier ribs, and reducing a variation in the amount of the phosphor paste applied as much as possible. The lattice-like barrier ribs include lateral ribs extending along a first direction while being nearly in parallel to each other, and vertical ribs extending along a second direction different from the first direction while being nearly in parallel to each other. Each of the lateral ribs is composed of two or more rows of rib elements. Notches for communicating spaces surrounded by the vertical ribs and the lateral ribs to each other in the first direction and/or the second direction are formed at least in portions of the vertical ribs and/or the lateral ribs.
摘要:
A method of forming fine partition walls by which fine partition walls with stable shape can be formed with good processing accuracy and at good grinding efficiency by a jet processing technique, a method of producing a planar display device by application of the method, and an abrasive for jet processing to be used in these methods, are disclosed. The fine partition walls are formed on the surface of a substrate by jet processing using an abrasive comprised of a powder of calcium carbonate coated with silicone on the surfaces thereof. Each of the particles constituting the abrasive has a three-dimensional shape comprised of a stack of different-sized triangular or more-angular polygonal layers.
摘要:
A process cartridge or an electrophotographic apparatus includes an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a charging member for charging the electrophotographic photosensitive member by application of a voltage, the charging member being in contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes an aluminum substrate and a photosensitive layer provided thereon. The outermost surface of the substrate contains aluminum, oxygen, and at least one of titanium and zirconium.
摘要:
The present invention aims to reduce the code length and time for flushing the code. An encoding apparatus includes a data memory storing information source data, a learning memory storing learning data relating the encoding data, a probability estimation table for outputting an encoding parameter indicated by the learning data, and an encoder outputting the code by implementing an arithmetic encoding based on the encoding data and the encoding parameter. In the above encoding apparatus, according to the present invention, a synchronization detector is provided measuring one of inputting the information source data and outputting the code at a predetermined interval. Further, the encoding apparatus includes a boundary detector detecting a carry boundary value within the effective region at predetermined interval and instructing to truncate a part of the effective region based on the detection result. The encoder truncates one of equally divided upper and lower partial regions of the effective region indicated by the carry detector and updates the effective region.