摘要:
An actual intake air quantity at the time when the intake air quantity is changed compulsorily with an EGR valve is measured with an airflow meter. An oxygen concentration of exhaust gas after combustion in a diesel engine is estimated based on the measured actual intake air quantity and a fuel injection quantity of the diesel engine. The estimated oxygen concentration is compared with an actual oxygen concentration sensed with an A/F sensor, thereby sensing response of the A/F sensor. Even if a response time for causing a change in the intake air quantity with the EGR valve changes, the change of the response time does not affect the estimate of the oxygen concentration since the oxygen concentration is estimated based on the actual intake air quantity. Therefore, the response of the A/F sensor can be sensed with high accuracy.
摘要:
In a transient state caused by fuel cut, a normal output of an A/F sensor having normal response and a lowered output having response lowered by a predetermined value as compared to the normal output are estimated, and an actual output of the A/F sensor is sensed. S1 as an integration value of a deviation between the normal output and the lowered output and S2 as an integration value of a deviation between the normal output and the actual output are calculated respectively until the normal output and the lowered output converge to an oxygen concentration equivalent to an atmosphere. S2 changes in accordance with a lowering degree of the response of the actual output. Therefore, the lowering degree of the response of the A/F sensor can be diagnosed based on S2/S1.
摘要:
A method for controlling air intake into an air conditioned enclosure includes generating a plurality of sensor output voltages using a NOx sensor. A NOx voltage ratio is calculated from the sensor output voltages. A determination is made when the NOx voltage ratio one of equals and exceeds a NOx threshold. The NOx voltage ratio is reset to a unitary value for a predetermined length of time.
摘要:
An injection quantity control apparatus for accurately performing an injection quantity learning process in a diesel engine creates an environment for obtaining a characteristic value in a one-to-one relationship with an actual injection quantity. A controller performs a one-shot injection operation for a cylinder of an engine while the environment is established. An injection command quantity is corrected based on an engine speed variation caused by the one-shot injection. After establishment of the condition and before the injection, the opening of a valve is controlled to be smaller than a reference and an opening of each of a diesel throttle and variable turbocharger is controlled to be larger than a reference. A composition of an air flowing into a combustion chamber is stabilized to ensure that the characteristic value detected after the one-shot injection is in a one-to-one relationship with the actual injection quantity.
摘要:
A positive type light-sensitive composition is disclosed, comprising an alkali-soluble high-molecular binder and at least one p-iminoquinonediazido-N-sulfonyl compound. This composition can be used for forming a resist for an IC board, a printing plate, a silver-free, image-forming material, etc.
摘要:
A photopolymerizable composition is disclosed, comprising a polymerizable compound having at least one ethylenic unsaturated double bond and a photopolymerization initiator, where the photopolymerization initiator is a combination of (A) acridine having a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group at 9-position and (B) a heterocyclic compound having a thiol group connected to a 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic ring containing at least one nitrogen atom. The photopolymermizable composition is useful for preparation of lithographic plates and photoresists and as an adhesive, printing ink or coating material.
摘要:
A photo-polymerizable dispersion composition is disclosed. The dispersion composition includes a silver halide which is dispersed within a polyfunctional vinyl monomer and a high molecular binder. The binder is obtained by vinyl polymerization and contains a water insoluble polymer having amide groups and carboxyl group. The resulting dispersion composition can be utilized to form high polymer images having a good oleophilic property which exhibit less swelling even if developed in an aqueous developing solution.
摘要:
A photopolymerizable composition is described, which comprises a polymerizable compound containing at least one ethylenically unsaturated double bond and a photopolymerization initiator wherein the photopolymerization initiator is a combination of a 3-keto-substituted cumarin compound and an active halogeno compound. This composition can be easily cured by irradiation with radiation and, therefore, is very useful in the preparation of light-sensitive materials.
摘要:
A photopolymerizable composition comprising, as essential components,(1) a polymerizable compound having at least one ethylenically unsaturated double bond and(2) a photopolymerization initiator, the photopolymerization initiator being a combination of (a) an aromatic carbonyl compound and (b) a p-dialkylamino aromatic carbonyl compound.
摘要:
A photopolymerizable composition is described comprising (1) an addition-polymerizable compound having at least one ethylenically unsaturated double bond, (2) a photopolymerization initiator, and (3) a post-exposure polymerization inhibitor compound including a thioureylene group, such as a compound selected from the group consisting of thiourea and thiourea derivatives represented by the general formula (I), thiosemicarbazide and thiosemicarbazide derivatives represented by the general formula (II), and thiosemicarbazone derivatives represented by the general formula (III): ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which may be the same or different each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a substituted alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a substituted phenyl group or a monovalent group derived from an O-, S- or N-containing 5- or 6-member heterocyclic nucleus,R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a substituted alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a naphgroup or a substituted phenyl group,R.sup.4 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms,R.sup.5 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a monovalent group derived from an 0-, N- or S-containing 5- or 6-member heterocyclic nucleus, an alkylcarbonyl group having from 2 to 7 carbon atoms or a benzoyl group,R.sup.6 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a phenyl group or a naphthyl group,R.sup.7 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, andR.sup.8 represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group or a substituted phenyl group.