Abstract:
The methods and apparatus 100 disclosed herein are of use for sequencing and/or identifying nucleic acids 230, 310. Nucleic acids 230, 310 containing labeled nucleotides 235, 245, 315 may be synthesized and passed through nanopores 255, 310. Detectors 257, 345 operably coupled to the nanopores 255, 310 may detect the labeled nucleotides 235, 245, 315. By determining the time intervals at which labeled nucleotides 235, 245, 315 are detected, distance maps 140 for each type of labeled nucleotide 235, 245, 315 may be compiled. The distance maps 140 in turn may be used to sequence 150 and/or identify 160 the nucleic acid 230, 310. In different embodiments of the invention, luminescent nucleotides 235, 245 or nanoparticles 315 may be detected using photodetectors 257 or electrical detectors 310. Apparatus 100 and sub-devices 200, 300 of use for nucleic acid 230, 310 sequencing 150 and/or identification 160 are also disclosed herein.
Abstract:
The methods and apparatus disclosed herein concern nucleic acid sequencing by enhanced Raman spectroscopy. In certain embodiments of the invention, nucleotides are covalently attached to Raman labels before incorporation into a nucleic acid 13. Exonuclease 15 treatment of the labeled nucleic acid 13 results in the release of labeled nucleotides 16, 130, which are detected by Raman spectroscopy. In alternative embodiments of the invention, nucleotides 16, 130 released from a nucleic acid 13 by exonuclease 15 treatment are covalently cross-linked to silver or gold nanoparticles 140 and detected by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERFS) and/or coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS). Other embodiments of the invention concern apparatus 10, 100, 210 for nucleic acid sequencing.
Abstract:
The methods and apparatus, disclosed herein are of use for sequencing and/or identifying proteins, polypeptides and/or peptides. Proteins containing labeled amino acid residues may be synthesized and passed through nanopores. A detector operably coupled to a nanopore may detect labeled amino acid residues as they pass through the nanopore. Distance maps for each type of labeled amino acid residue may be compiled. The distance maps may be used to sequence and/or identify the protein. Apparatus of use for protein sequencing and/or identification is also disclosed herein. In alternative methods, other types of analytes may be analyzed by the same techniques.
Abstract:
The present invention is based on the discovery that the methods described herein for the production of metallic colloids result in colloids exhibiting increased signal enhancement and reproducibility for the SERS detection of biomolecules. Thus, using the methods of the invention, a wide variety of biomolecules can be detected with a greater sensitivity and reliability.
Abstract:
The disclosed methods and devices provides a method and device for isolating and positioning a single polymer molecule, such as a nucleic acid strand, for sequencing, and a method for manufacturing such a device. The method and device can be used for sequencing individual polymer molecules, such as ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
Abstract:
The invention provides methods for analyzing the protein content of a biological sample, for example to obtain a protein profile of a sample provided by a particular individual. The proteins and protein fragments in the sample are separated on the basis of chemical and/or physical properties and maintained in a separated state at discrete locations on a solid substrate or within a stream of flowing liquid. Raman spectra are then detected as produced by the separated proteins or fragments at the discrete locations such that a spectrum from a discrete location provides information about the structure or identity of one or more particular proteins or fragments at the discrete location. The proteins or fragments at discrete locations can be coated with a metal, such as gold or silver, and/or the separated proteins can be contacted with a chemical enhancer to provide SERS spectra. Method and kits for practicing the invention are also provided.
Abstract:
The invention features a method of isolating nucleic acid in a substantially purified form, including the steps of: a) contacting a biological sample which contains aggregated nucleic acid with a matrix comprising a solid hydrophilic organic polymer without an effective positive charge under conditions which permit the nucleic acid to bind to the matrix; and b) recovering nucleic acid from the matrix.
Abstract:
A method for matching compound orders from a group of market participants includes receiving, via a communication network, compound order data, the compound order data specifying a maximum amount of a financial instrument of a plurality of financial instruments to be bought or sold by each market participant, accessing a memory in which price data is stored, the price data indicating a current price of each financial instrument, implementing, with a processor, a linear solver to maximize fulfillment of the compound orders via order matching for execution at the current prices in accordance with the maximum amounts specified in the compound order data and in accordance with a maximum net risk exposure level for each market participant arising from the fulfillment of the compound orders, and transmitting trade data indicative of the order matching for execution of trades among the market participants at the current prices.
Abstract:
Embodiments of the present invention provide devices methods for sequencing DNA using arrays of reaction regions containing electronic sensors to monitor changes in solutions contained in the reaction regions. Test and fill reaction schemes are disclosed that allow DNA to be sequenced. By sequencing DNA using parallel reactions contained in large arrays, DNA can be rapidly sequenced.
Abstract:
Described herein is a device comprising a plurality of first reaction electrodes arranged in an array, the plurality of first reaction electrodes configured to be exposed to a solution and having a capacitance; first circuitry configured to controllably connect the plurality of first reaction electrodes to a bias source and controllably disconnect the plurality of first reaction electrodes from the bias source; and second circuitry configured to measure a rate of charging or discharging of the capacitance. Also described herein is a method of using this device to sequence DNA.