公开(公告)号：US5978080A

公开(公告)日：1999-11-02

申请号：US938443

申请日：1997-09-25

Applicant: David J. Michael ,  Aaron S. Wallack

Inventor： David J. Michael ,  Aaron S. Wallack

IPC: G01B11/00 ,  G01J1/02

CPC classification number: G01B11/002

Abstract: The invention provides machine vision methods and apparatus for determining a calibration relationship between the imaging reference frame of an image acquisition device (e.g., a camera) and the motion reference frame of a moveable object (e.g., a motion stage) by positioning the object so that a fiducial thereon (e.g., a calibration mark) lies at a first fiducial position in the field of view and recording the corresponding position of the object in the motion reference frame. The object is then repositioned so that the fiducial moves to a second fiducial position in the field of view. Again, the corresponding position of the object in the motion reference frame is recorded. Likewise, the object is moved to a third fiducial position in the field of view, and its corresponding position in the motion reference frame is recorded. A calibration relationship between the motion reference frame of the object and the imaging reference frame of the camera as a function of the first, second and third fiducial positions and as a function of the first, second and third object positions.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种机器视觉方法和装置，用于通过定位对象来确定图像采集装置（例如，相机）的成像参考系和可移动对象（例如，运动舞台）的运动参考系之间的校准关系。 其上的基准（例如，校准标记）位于视场中的第一基准位置，并将物体的对应位置记录在运动参考系中。 然后将对象重新定位，使得基准在视野中移动到第二基准位置。 再次，记录对象在运动参考系中的对应位置。 同样地，物体被移动到视野中的第三基准位置，并记录其在运动参考系中的对应位置。 作为第一，第二和第三基准位置的函数，并且作为第一，第二和第三对象位置的函数的对象的运动参考帧和摄像机的成像参考帧之间的校准关系。

公开(公告)号：US5901241A

公开(公告)日：1999-05-04

申请号：US759853

申请日：1996-12-02

Applicant: Juha Koljonen ,  David J. Michael

Inventor： Juha Koljonen ,  David J. Michael

IPC: G01B11/00 ,  G01B11/24 ,  G06T1/00 ,  G06T7/00 ,  G06T7/60 ,  G06K9/46

CPC classification number: G06K9/4633 ,  G06T7/0004 ,  G06T7/004 ,  G06T7/602 ,  G06T7/606 ,  G06T2207/30152

Abstract: The invention automatically inspects the bond of a wire to a contact pad on a semiconductor chip. The apparatus includes a movable platform for holding semiconductor chips situated in lead frames; a video camera for sensing images; illumination means for illuminating a chip in a lead frame; an image processor to digitize and analyze the images; a bonding mechanism; and a host controller electronically connected to bonding mechanism, movable platform, video camera, and image processor. Image processor locates a bond on a pad in a digitized image and provides a first nominal center of ball bond image. The invention aligns the center of a polar coordinate transform image having one or more segments with the nominal center of ball bond image and evaluates ball bond image using the polar coordinate transform image to create a polar projection histogram array and store it. An edge filter is applied to histogram array to detect peaks and store their number and values. Polar coordinate transform image is aligned with a next nominal ball center location until a predetermined number of potential ball center locations is exhausted. The maximum peak in the list of stored peaks is selected as the radius of bond from which the size and position of bond is computed and reported to host controller for further action.

Abstract translation: 本发明自动检查导线与半导体芯片上接触焊盘的接合。 该装置包括用于保持位于引线框架中的半导体芯片的可移动平台; 用于感测图像的摄像机; 用于照亮引线框架中的芯片的照明装置; 图像处理器，用于数字化和分析图像; 粘合机制; 以及主机控制器，电连接到接合机构，可移动平台，摄像机和图像处理器。 图像处理器将数字化图像中的焊盘定位在焊盘上，并提供第一个标称中心的焊球图像。 本发明将具有一个或多个段的极坐标变换图像的中心与球形接合图像的标称中心对准，并使用极坐标变换图像评估球接合图像，以创建极性投影直方图阵列并将其存储。 边缘滤波器应用于直方图阵列以检测峰值并存储其数量和值。 极坐标变换图像与下一个标称球中心位置对齐，直到预定数量的潜在球中心位置被耗尽。 选择存储峰值列表中的最大峰值作为键的半径，从中计算结合的大小和位置并将其报告给主机控制器进行进一步的操作。

公开(公告)号：US5322827A

公开(公告)日：1994-06-21

申请号：US008767

申请日：1993-01-22

Applicant: David J. Michael ,  Albert L. Renkey ,  Kenneth A. McGowan

Inventor： David J. Michael ,  Albert L. Renkey ,  Kenneth A. McGowan

IPC: C04B35/047 ,  C04B35/12

CPC classification number: C04B35/047

Abstract: A burned chrome-containing refractory and method which provides a refractory having less than 5 ppm total soluble chromium. Such product is obtained by adding to the starting mix less than 10 wt. % (often less than 3 wt. %) zirconia, silica, zircon, or molybdic oxide either individually or in combination.

Abstract translation: 一种烧制的含铬耐火材料和方法，其提供具有小于5ppm总可溶性铬的耐火材料。 通过向起始混合物中加入少于10wt。 单独或组合的氧化锆，二氧化硅，锆石或氧化钼的％（通常小于3重量％）。

公开(公告)号：US4999325A

公开(公告)日：1991-03-12

申请号：US264117

申请日：1988-10-28

Applicant: David J. Michael

Inventor： David J. Michael

IPC: C04B35/047

CPC classification number: C04B35/0473

Abstract: A rebonded, fused brick resulting from burning a mix consisting essentially of a fused magnesite chrome grain, a fused chrome-magnesite grain or mixtures thereof, and a chrome ore having a Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 /(Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 +Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3) ratio of at least about 1.15, a maximum silica content of about 3.85, and an Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 content of less than about 25% by weight.

Abstract translation: 由熔融的菱镁矿晶粒，熔融铬 - 菱镁矿晶粒或其混合物组成的混合物和Cr 2 O 3 /（Al 2 O 3 + Fe 2 O 3）比率至少约为1.15的铬矿， 最大二氧化硅含量约3.85，Fe2O3含量小于约25重量％。

公开(公告)号：US4912068A

公开(公告)日：1990-03-27

申请号：US274387

申请日：1988-11-21

Applicant: David J. Michael ,  David A. Kirk ,  Leigh F. Brooks

Inventor： David J. Michael ,  David A. Kirk ,  Leigh F. Brooks

IPC: B22D41/02 ,  C04B35/01 ,  C04B35/043 ,  C04B35/634 ,  C04B35/66

CPC classification number: C04B35/634 ,  C04B35/013 ,  C04B35/043 ,  C04B35/63472 ,  C04B35/63496 ,  C04B35/66 ,  C04B2111/0087 ,  C04B2111/00887 ,  C04B2235/3206 ,  C04B2235/422 ,  C04B2235/9676

Abstract: A mix for forming a carbon-bonded refractory shape comprising from about 70 to 92 wt. % of a high purity magnesite and about 8 to 30 wt. % of a high purity graphite, and for each 100 wt. % of said magnesite and graphite, from about 1.5 to 6 wt. % of a carbon-containing bonding agent; said graphite containing at least about 98% carbon and having at least about 75% by weight -65 mesh or finer particles and said magnesite containing at least about 98% MgO, and containing less than about 0.03% boron oxide, less than about 0.3% silica, and having a CaO/SiO.sub.2 weight ratio above about 2, and the resultant carbon-bonded refractory shape and liner for basic oxygen furnaces made from such shapes and the method of increasing the life of liners for basic oxygen furnaces.

Abstract translation: 一种用于形成碳键的耐火形状的混合物，其包含约70至92wt。 ％的高纯度菱镁矿和约8〜30wt。 ％的高纯度石墨，并且对于每100重量％ ％的所述菱镁矿和石墨为约1.5至6wt。 ％的含碳粘合剂; 所述石墨含有至少约98％的碳并且具有至少约75重量％-65目或更细的颗粒，并且所述菱镁矿含有至少约98％的MgO，并含有小于约0.03％的氧化硼，小于约0.3％ 二氧化硅，并且具有高于约2的CaO / SiO 2重量比，以及由这种形状制成的用于碱性氧气炉的碳键合耐火形状和衬垫以及增加碱性氧炉的衬垫寿命的方法。

公开(公告)号：US4574119A

公开(公告)日：1986-03-04

申请号：US619671

申请日：1984-06-11

Applicant: John D. Perry ,  David J. Michael

Inventor： John D. Perry ,  David J. Michael

IPC: C04B35/047 ,  C04B35/12

CPC classification number: C04B35/047

Abstract: A refractory brick made from a size graded batch comprising 20-30 weight percent magnesite containing less than 0.8 weight percent silica, and the balance a chrome ore. The chrome ore includes oxides of chromium, aluminum and iron wherein the ratio between the oxides of chromium and the oxides of aluminum and iron is greater than 2 to 1. The silica content of the chrome ore is less than 2.7 weight percent, the iron oxide content is less than 17 weight percent, and the chrome ore to magnesite ratio is between 2.33 to 4 to 1.

Abstract translation: 由尺寸分级批料制成的耐火砖，其包含含有少于0.8重量％二氧化硅的20-30重量％菱镁矿，余量为铬矿石。 铬矿包括铬，铝和铁的氧化物，其中铬的氧化物和铝和铁的氧化物之间的比例大于2:1。铬矿的二氧化硅含量小于2.7重量％，氧化铁 含量小于17重量％，铬矿与菱镁矿的比例在2.33〜4比1之间。

公开(公告)号：US4391917A

公开(公告)日：1983-07-05

申请号：US402008

申请日：1982-07-26

Applicant: David J. Michael ,  Berhl E. Wishon

Inventor： David J. Michael ,  Berhl E. Wishon

IPC: C04B35/18 ,  C04B35/52

CPC classification number: C04B35/18

Abstract: Carbonaceous bonded refractory shapes in which the predominant refractory aggregate is andalusite, being characterized by the absence of substantial shrinkage after coking at 2000.degree. F.

Abstract translation: 其中主要的耐火骨料是红柱石的碳质粘结耐火形状，其特征在于在2000°F焦化后没有显着的收缩。

公开(公告)号：US08872911B1

公开(公告)日：2014-10-28

申请号：US12652353

申请日：2010-01-05

Applicant: Aaron S. Wallack ,  David J. Michael

Inventor： Aaron S. Wallack ,  David J. Michael

IPC: H04N9/10 ,  H04N7/18

CPC classification number: H04N7/183 ,  G06T7/70 ,  G06T2207/30244

Abstract: A method and apparatus for assessing at least one of motion linearity of a motion stage, stage motion straightness of a motion stage, image capture repeatability of a motion stage and camera and accuracy of a calibration plate used to assess motion stage characteristics, the method including using a line scan camera to generate two dimensional images of a calibration plate having a plurality imageable features thereon, examining the images to identify actual coordinates of the imageable features and using the actual coordinates to assess linearity, straightness, repeatability and/or plate accuracy.

Abstract translation: 一种用于评估运动舞台的运动线性度，运动舞台运动平直度，运动舞台和相机的图像捕获重复性以及用于评估运动舞台特征的校准板的精度中的至少一个的方法和装置，所述方法包括 使用线扫描相机来生成其上具有多个可成像特征的校准板的二维图像，检查图像以识别可成像特征的实际坐标，并使用实际坐标来评估线性，直线性，重复性和/或印版精度。

公开(公告)号：US08588511B2

公开(公告)日：2013-11-19

申请号：US11613087

申请日：2006-12-19

Applicant: Gang Liu ,  Aaron S. Wallack ,  David J. Michael

Inventor： Gang Liu ,  Aaron S. Wallack ,  David J. Michael

IPC: G06K9/00 ,  G06K9/48 ,  H04N7/18

CPC classification number: G06T7/0006 ,  G01N21/956 ,  G06T2207/30148 ,  H01L22/12

Abstract: An image of a semiconductor interconnection pad is analyzed to determine a geometric description of the zone regions of a multiple zone semiconductor interconnection pad. Edge detection machine vision tools are used to extract features in the image. The extracted features are analyzed to derive geometric descriptions of the zone regions of the pad, that are applied in semiconductor device inspection, fabrication, and assembly operations.

Abstract translation: 分析半导体互连焊盘的图像以确定多区域半导体互连焊盘的区域区域的几何描述。 边缘检测机视觉工具用于提取图像中的特征。 分析所提取的特征以得出在半导体器件检查，制造和组装操作中应用的焊盘区域的几何描述。

公开(公告)号：US08189194B2

公开(公告)日：2012-05-29

申请号：US12209248

申请日：2008-09-12

Applicant: John W. Schwab ,  Gang Liu ,  David J. Michael ,  Lei Wang

Inventor： John W. Schwab ,  Gang Liu ,  David J. Michael ,  Lei Wang

IPC: G01B11/00

CPC classification number: G03F9/00 ,  G03F9/7065 ,  G03F9/7084 ,  G03F9/7088

Abstract: A vision system is provided to determine a positional relationship between a semiconductor wafer on a platen and an element on a processing machine, such as a printing screen, on a remote side of the semiconductor wafer from the platen. A source directs ultraviolet light through an aperture in the platen to illuminate the semiconductor wafer and cast a shadow onto the element adjacent an edge of the semiconductor wafer. A video camera produces an image using light received from the platen aperture, wherein some of that received light was reflected by the wafer. The edge of the semiconductor wafer in the image is well defined by a dark/light transition.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种视觉系统，用于确定压板上的半导体晶片与半导体晶片的远离压纸台的诸如印刷屏幕的处理机器上的元件之间的位置关系。 光源通过压板中的孔引导紫外光照射半导体晶片并将阴影投射到与半导体晶片的边缘相邻的元件上。 摄像机使用从压板孔接收的光产生图像，其中一些所接收的光被晶片反射。 图像中的半导体晶片的边缘由暗/光转变很好地限定。