摘要:
The present invention provides laser beam micro-smoothing for laser annealing systems. Laser beam micro-smoothing comprises shifting a laser beam in the direction perpendicular to the scanning direction (y) of a laser annealing system, while holding the laser beam fixed in the direction of scanning (x). The shifting may be accomplished, for example, with a pair of micro-smoothing mirrors. The shifting smoothes out small-scale inhomogeneities in the profile of the laser beam and prevents microscopic stripes associated with prior art laser annealing systems. Because the shifting occurs only in the direction perpendicular to the scanning direction (y), the laser annealing process in not adversely affected.
摘要:
In various embodiments, a high pressure discharge lamp is provided. The high pressure discharge lamp may include a lamp axis, and a two-ended discharge vessel that surrounds a discharge volume, electrodes extending into the discharge volume enveloped by the discharge vessel, and a fill that includes metal halides being accommodated in the discharge volume, the discharge vessel being surrounded by an outer bulb with a base at one end and being held therein by a frame, wherein the frame comprises a short supply lead and a long supply lead, the long supply lead comprising two straight conductors with a winding part therebetween, the winding part executing at most 1.25 turns about the discharge vessel.
摘要:
Surfactant-containing cleansing compositions contain hydrogenated castor oil for stabilizing an antidandruff component that is insoluble in the cleansing composition. As a result, thorough and gentle cleansing of skin and/or of hair with simultaneous antidandruff effect is ensured, without phase separation, change in viscosity, or reduction in the foaming ability during storage. Optimally, it is possible to dispense with additional stabilization of the antidandruff component through the use of gel formers.
摘要:
Two pulse sequences are delivered by two lasers. A rotating segmented mirror having one or more reflective areas and one or more transmissive areas is rotated synchronously with the delivery of the pulse sequences to transmit pulses from one sequence, and to reflect pulses from the other sequence at intervals.
摘要:
A tunable laser system includes a gain medium and an optical resonator for generating a laser beam, and a spectral narrowing and tuning unit within the resonator. A detection and control unit controls a relative wavelength of the laser system. A wavelength calibration module calibrates the detection and control unit. The module contains more than one species each having an optical transition line within the tuning spectrum of the laser. A beam portion of the narrowed emission from the laser is directed through the wavelength calibration module and a beam portion is directed through the detection and control unit when the laser beam is scanned through the optical transition line of each of the species within the module. The detection and control unit is monitored and calibrated during the scanning.
摘要:
SOI wafers are manufactured by forming on a silicon substrate a monocrystalline first, cubic 1a-3 metal or mixed metal oxide layer whose lattice constant differs from that of the substrate by 5% or less; forming a second cubic 1a-3 mixed metal oxide layer having a lattice constant within 2% of the lattice constant of the first metal or mixed metal oxide layer, and having a graded metal content to vary the lattice content in the second mixed metal oxide layer from that of the first layer, and thermally treating the layered product in an oxygen atmosphere to form an amorphous interlayer between the substrate and the first metal or mixed metal oxide layer.
摘要:
Laser systems have a line-narrowed master oscillator and a power oscillator for amplifying the output of the master oscillator. The power oscillator includes optical arrangements for limiting the bandwidth of radiation that can be amplified. The limited amplification bandwidth of the power oscillator is relatively broad compared to that of the output of the master oscillator, but narrower than would be the case without the bandwidth limiting arrangements. The bandwidth narrowing arrangements of the power oscillator function primarily to restrict the bandwidth of amplified spontaneous emission generated by the power oscillator.
摘要:
A layered semiconductor wafer contains the following layers in the given order: a monocrystalline substrate wafer (1) containing substantially silicon, a first amorphous intermediate layer (2) of an electrically insulating material having a thickness of 2 nm to 100 nm, a monocrystalline first oxide layer (3) having a cubic Ia-3 crystal structure, a composition of (M12O3)1-x(M22O3)x wherein each of M1 and M2 is a metal and wherein 0≦x≦1, and a lattice constant which differs from the lattice constant of the material of the substrate wafer by 0% to 5%. The invention also relates to a process for manufacturing such semiconductor wafers by epitaxial deposition.
摘要:
A substantially collimated, plane-polarized, excimer laser beam is projected onto a substrate by a cylindrical lens arranged at non-normal incidence to the beam. The lens projects the beam onto a substrate to form a line of light on the substrate. The line of light has a length greater than the height of the beam and a width length less than the width of the beam. By selecting an appropriate incidence angle and polarization-plane alignment of the beam with the lens, total light reflection losses from the lens and the substrate can be minimized.
摘要:
An electromagnetic actuator includes a stator assembly mounted to a center pole formed of material having high magnetic permeability and functions as a return path for the magnetic field generated when current is passed through coils in the stator assembly. When current is applied to one or more coils within the stator assembly, a magnetic field is generated that interacts with a magnetic field generated by one or more magnets disposed within the armature assembly and causes the armature to move relative to the center pole thus, for example, opening or closing a valve.