摘要:
Laser systems have a line-narrowed master oscillator and a power oscillator for amplifying the output of the master oscillator. The power oscillator includes optical arrangements for limiting the bandwidth of radiation that can be amplified. The limited amplification bandwidth of the power oscillator is relatively broad compared to that of the output of the master oscillator, but narrower than would be the case without the bandwidth limiting arrangements. The bandwidth narrowing arrangements of the power oscillator function primarily to restrict the bandwidth of amplified spontaneous emission generated by the power oscillator.
摘要:
Laser systems have a line-narrowed master oscillator and a power oscillator for amplifying the output of the master oscillator. The power oscillator includes optical arrangements for limiting the bandwidth of radiation that can be amplified. The limited amplification bandwidth of the power oscillator is relatively broad compared to that of the output of the master oscillator, but narrower than would be the case without the bandwidth limiting arrangements. The bandwidth narrowing arrangements of the power oscillator function primarily to restrict the bandwidth of amplified spontaneous emission generated by the power oscillator.
摘要:
Pulse parameters of a gas discharge laser system can be optimized and controlled for precision applications such as microlithography. Important laser pulse parameters typically vary in the beginning of a pulse burst, and the directionality of the output beam typically varies throughout the burst. In order to improve the performance of the laser system, the variation at the beginning of a pulse burst can be eliminated by extending the pulse pattern and shuttering the output during periods of significant parameter variation. A fast shutter such as an acousto-optical modulator can be used to prevent output during the burst transition processes. Elements such as acousto-optical cells also can be used in combination with a fast position sensor to steer the direction of the output beam, in order to adjust for variations in the direction of the beam between pulses in a burst.
摘要:
The stability of a gas discharge in an excimer or molecular fluorine laser system can be improved by generating multiple discharge pulses in the resonator chamber, instead of a single discharge pulse. Each of these discharges can be optimized in both energy transfer and efficient coupling to the gas. The timing of each discharge can be controlled using, for example, a common pulser component along with appropriate circuitry to provide energy pulses to each of a plurality of segmented main discharge electrodes. Applying the energy to the segmented electrodes rather than to a standard discharge electrode pair allows for an optimization of the temporal shape of the resulting superimposed laser pulse. The optimized shape and higher stability can allow the laser system to operate at higher repetition rates, while minimizing the damage to system and/or downstream optics.
摘要:
Laser systems have a line-narrowed master oscillator and a power oscillator for amplifying the output of the master oscillator. The power oscillator includes optical arrangements for limiting the bandwidth of radiation that can be amplified. The limited amplification bandwidth of the power oscillator is relatively broad compared to that of the output of the master oscillator, but narrower than would be the case without the bandwidth limiting arrangements. The bandwidth narrowing arrangements of the power oscillator function primarily to restrict the bandwidth of amplified spontaneous emission generated by the power oscillator.
摘要:
A Master Oscillator (MO)—Power Amplifier (PA) configuration (MOPA) can be used advantageously in an excimer laser system for micro-lithography applications, where semiconductor manufacturers demand powers of 40 W or more in order to support the throughput requirements of advanced lithography scanner systems. The timing of discharges in discharge chambers of the MO and PA can be precisely controlled using a common pulser to drive the respective chambers. The timing of the discharges further can be controlled through the timing of the pre-ionization in the chambers, or through control of the reset current in the final compression stages of the pulser. A common pulser, or separate pulser circuits, also can be actively controlled in time using a feedback loop, with precision timing being achieved through control of the pre-ionization in each individual discharge chamber. Yet another system provides for real-time compensation of time delay jitter of discharge pulses in the chambers.
摘要:
A Master Oscillator (MO)—Power Amplifier (PA) configuration (MOPA) can be used advantageously in an excimer laser system for micro-lithography applications, where semiconductor manufacturers demand powers of 40 W or more in order to support the throughput requirements of advanced lithography scanner systems. A MOPA-based laser system can provide both high pulse energies and high spectral purity. A MOPA system can utilize a multi-pass PA, as well as a special beam path capable of reducing the amount of ASE (Amplified Spontaneous Emission) and feedback to the MO. Lithography scanner optics are primarily fused silica, such that the peak pulse power must be kept low to avoid material compaction when a MOPA system is used with lithography applications. This conflict between the demand for high average power and the low peak power requirement of the pulsed excimer laser source can be resolved by using a novel beam path to generate a sufficiently long pulse length.
摘要:
The lifetime of optical components used in deep-UV (DUV) excimer laser systems, including systems in a MOPA configuration, can be increased by reducing the intensity of pulses incident upon these components. In one approach, an output pulse can be “stretched” in order to reduce the peak power of the pulse. A pulse stretching component can be used, which can be mounted outside the laser enclosure with a horizontal beam path in order to provide a delay line with a minimum impact on the laser system footprint. The horizontal beam path also can minimize the number of optical components in the arm containing the high power beam. A beamsplitting prism can be used with the delay line to avoid the rapid degradation of coatings otherwise exposed to intense UV beams. The prism can expand the beam in the delay line in order to minimize beam intensity and losses due to reflection.
摘要:
Improved temperature stabilization can be obtained for pulsed gas discharge laser systems, such as excimer laser systems, using information about the energy dissipation of the system. Temperature sensors have a limited response time, which can lead to undesirable instability in gas temperature. By determining the heat energy provided to the discharge chamber over sufficiently small periods of time, a system controller can account for rapid variations in the temperature of the laser gas. The temperature regulation controller can adjust a flow of cooling liquid into the discharge chamber to account for these rapid variations on a scale that is much shorter than the response time of the temperature sensors. For variations over longer periods of time, the temperature regulation controller can utilize an active heater in contact with the laser tube to heat the laser tube body, thereby uniformly heating the gas in the tube.
摘要:
An excimer master-oscillator-power amplifier (MOPA) system includes two laser discharge units (LDUs). Optical modules are associated the LDUs for forming the master oscillator and the power amplifier. The discharge units are each assembled onto a chassis via a vibration-damping suspension. The optical modules are assembled on a frame that is separately attached to the chassis. Providing the separate frame for optical modules, mechanically isolated from the LDUs because of the vibration isolating suspension, minimizes transmission of vibrations from the LDUs to the optics modules.