摘要:
A data carrier printed by line intaglio having a halftone image represented by irregular line structures in the manner of an engraving. The line structures are superimposed at least partly by fine structures rendered in positive or negative representation. Methods are provided for generating and processing irregular line structures as digital image data on a computer following individual specifications by an operator. The line structures are transferred to a line intaglio printing plate. The digital image data is used for controlling an engraving apparatus. In the alternative, other printing processes may be involved wherein the digital image data is superimposed at least partly with fine structures rendered in positive or negative representation.
摘要:
A data carrier with an optically variable structure having an embossed structure with raised areas and a first coating contrasting with the surface of the data carrier. The embossed structure and the first coating are so combined that at least parts of the coating are completely visible upon perpendicular viewing but concealed upon oblique viewing so that a tilt effect arises upon alternate perpendicular and oblique viewing. The first coating is provided only in certain areas. Additionally, the optically variable structure has at least in partial areas a second coating likewise contrasting with the data carrier surface and disposed in overlap with the first coating at least in partial areas.
摘要:
A data carrier printed by line intaglio having a halftone image represented by irregular line structures in the manner of an engraving. The line structures are superimposed at least partly by fine structures rendered in positive or negative representation. Methods are provided for generating and processing irregular line structures as digital image data on a computer following individual specifications by an operator. The line structures are transferred to a line intaglio printing plate. The digital image data is used for controlling an engraving apparatus. In the alternative, other printing processes may be involved wherein the digital image data is superimposed at least partly with fine structures rendered in positive or negative representation.
摘要:
In a stator (11) for an electrical machine, in particular for a starter motor in motor vehicles, having an exciter winding (22) with a plurality of windings that is wrapped randomly around the poles (14, 14'), in order to create great freedom in terms of the shape of the exciter winding (22) with a sufficiently high coupling factor and an acceptable axial overhang of the end winding, each winding of the exciter winding (22) is embodied as a bundle conductor comprising a plurality of parallel-wound round wires (23) that are adjacent one another on the face ends of the poles (14, 14'). In the region from the face end of a preceding pole (14) to the face end of the next pole (14'), the round wires (23) of each bundle conductor extend obliquely to the yoke axis, and in that region are twisted together by at least 180.degree. (FIG. 1).
摘要:
A method of making a commutator ring (2) for a commutator, which is provided with a plurality of commutator segments (7) with connection lugs (10) and anchoring means (44) and which is cold-formed by reduction and gauging in a single manufacturing step of a forming apparatus from a blank (1) with preformed segmental grooves (6) and a flange (4) which can subsequently be made into connection lugs. The forming apparatus is provided with a single or multi-stage, single or multi-part die. The blank is pressed against the die by radially disposed slides (39, 59) of the apparatus which are adjacent each commutator segment (7) and connection lug (10). Finally, during retraction of the die from the blank, the anchoring means (44) are formed on the commutator segments by a gauging apparatus being drawn through the tubular blank to "mushroom" inner teeth of the blank and shape them to form dovetail shaped anchors in a commutator hub sleeve. The die serves as an ejector for the finished commutator ring during its return movement to its initial position. After assembly to the commutator hub sleeve, the remaining connecting elements (8, 11) which held the commutator segments and connection lugs in closed, ring shape are removed or severed.
摘要:
Processes for continuous conversion of granulated PVC material and additive substances to free-flowing pre-blends mechanically intermix at room temperature granulated PVC material and additive substances in a first zone continuously transversed thereby to provide a macroscopically homogeneous admixture thereof. The additive substances are melted in a subsequent second zone and the molten additive substances are absorbed with the granulated PVC material in a subsequent third zone to provide the free-flowing pre-blend. This pre-blend advantageously may be passed through a second set of three zones corresponding to the mentioned first, second and third zones.
摘要:
To form a commutator segmental ring, an intermediate stage commutator ring (4) is formed from a flat strip (1) of commutator material which is bent into essentially cylindrical tubular shape to form a blank (2) having a gap or crack (3) adjacent the ends of the strip. The commutator ring, upon forming of the commutator, is severed into commutator segments. The gap or crack of the blank is aligned with a ridge or rib in a forming punch press to form a groove within the essentially cylindrical tubular blank (2) so that, when the intermediate stage commutator ring (4) is made, a cylindrical portion (5) already dimensioned for the intermediate segmental ring and a flange portion (6) are made, with a groove in alignment with the gap or crack obtained during cold-flowing of the metal in the press by the guidance afforded by the rib or ridge in the gap or crack of the cylindrical tubular blank. Preferably, the ridge or rib, defining the groove, extends in a plane which passes through the axis of the cylindrical portion (5) of the intermediate commutator ring (4) and extends radially therefrom through the center line of the groove. The apparatus includes multiple concentric punch, stamp and die elements to permit cold-flowing of the cylindrical tubular blank upon compression of the commutator metal which, typically, is copper.
摘要:
A method for manufacturing commutator segmental rings, in which ring-shaped blanks (1) are transformed into commutator segmental rings. The method is carried out with a forming apparatus which uses a ring-shaped die (21) and a rib-forming die (25) to transform the blank (1) into a commutator segmental ring (2) with a flange (4) on its end and a shaft portion (3) with commutator segments (5) and cross pieces (7) connecting them. During the forming process, the die (25) moves against the force of an adjustable elastic counter-pressure apparatus (16; 13, 17, 19; 28). The counter-pressure on the facing side (24) of the upper punch (22), on which the die (25) fits, minimizes formation of a burr on the workpiece, and it permits use of a fastening means of reduced clamping power, thereby according the die (25) a greater pressure stability.
摘要:
A mixing and kneading machine (1) for continual compounding comprises a screw shaft (3) rotating in a casing (2) and simultaneously moving axially translationally. To sustainably enhance the efficiency of the machine as regards its material thruput per unit of time the screw shaft (3) comprises at least four groups of radial screw vanes (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) evenly distributed circumferentially, each group consisting of a plurality of screw vanes in axial sequence. The outer diameter (Da) of the screw shaft ranges from 400 to 800 millimeters. The rotary speed of the screw shaft (3) ranges from 30 to 80 rpm. A mixing and kneading machine (1) engineered as such is particularly suitable for compounding an anodic mass in the production of electrodes—anodes—for the aluminum industry.
摘要:
A halftone image original is converted into a line screen halftone image including regularly spaced-apart screen lines 5 that are modulated in their width y in accordance with the tonal value to be represented. According to the invention, width y of screen lines 5 is modulated only on one side so that screen lines 5 are flat on one side and width-modulated on one side. Various examples are stated for how this screen line modulation permits effective copy protection.