摘要:
A projection exposure apparatus includes an exposure light source, an illumination system for illuminating a pattern, formed on a first object, with light from the exposure light source and passing through the illumination system, a projection optical system for projecting the pattern, as illuminated with the light, onto a second object for exposure of the same with the pattern and an interferometer for use in measurement of an optical characteristic of the projection optical system, wherein the interferometer is operable to perform the measurement by use of light from the exposure light source.
摘要:
A water massaging apparatus including an inner tub is arranged an outer tub to form upper and lower spaces and first and second side spaces. The side walls of the inner tub have a number of holes. A propeller is arranged in the first side space for providing a water stream which respectively circulates through the first side space, upper space, second side space and lower space. An air pump is arranged outside the outer tube, and one end of a pipe is connected to the air pump and the other end of the pipe is exposed underneath a bottom wall of the inner tube to form an air stream which flows underneath the bottom wall of inner tub in the same direction as that of the water stream. The presence of the air stream underneath the bottom wall of inner tub significantly reduces resistance against the water stream flowing through the lower space.
摘要:
A fluid jet flow massaging apparatus adapted for use within a bathtub unit comprises a first bathtub and a second bathtub which is accommodated within the first bathtub with a space defined therebetween and which has an inner volume sufficient for accommodating a person. The second bathtub is provided with opposed side walls within which a plurality of fluid circulation holes are formed and a fluid jet circulation flow generating device is disposed within at least one hole of at least one wall of the second bathtub. The fluid jet flow caused by the device is circulated through the holes and the space defined between the first and second bathtubs and the fluid jet flow achieves the massaging operation upon the person disposed within the second bathtub as a result of the circulation of the fluid. The fluid flow direction and the fluid flow rate may be regulated by altering the number of fluid flow generating devices.
摘要:
A permselective hollow fiber membrane which is a hollow fiber membrane, made from a wet spinnable organic high polymer, having a dense skin layer of gelated structure made to a thickness of 1.mu. or less on at least one surface of the membrane and the rest being made up into a porous layer, a process for the preparation thereof, a method and an apparatus of plasma components separation in which said hollow fiber membrane is used.
摘要:
An insulator film can be formed at a low temperature without any damage to a substrate to be treated by a plasma in a plasma treatment system which comprises a magnetron for generating a microwave, an isolator for isolating a wave guide from the magnetron, a discharge tube for generating a plasma, the wave guide for leading the microwave from the magnetron to the discharge tube, a vacuum chamber integrally formed together with the discharge tube, an evaporation source provided in the vacuum chamber, a substrate to be treated and provided at a position to sandwich a stream of the plasma between the substrate and the evaporation source, electromagnets provided around the discharge tube and the vacuum chamber, and a manipulator for manipulating the substrate, the electromagnets generating a magnetic field to confine the stream of the plasma.
摘要:
[Problem] A flow rate measuring device in which guided waves are used, wherein the frequency of ultrasound is optimized; and energy injected from ultrasound transmission/reception elements is increased and the flow velocity sensitivity is raised; whereby the measurement accuracy is improved.[Solution] A frequency of an isolated peak of group velocities of guided waves, from among a plurality of peaks of group velocities of guided waves, and a resonance frequency of the ultrasound transmission element/reception element are set to agree; and the semi-amplitude of a power spectrum of ultrasound excited/received by the ultrasound transmission element/reception element is set to a value that does not overlap with another peak of group velocities.
摘要:
[Problem] A flow rate measuring device in which guided waves are used, wherein the frequency of ultrasound is optimized; and energy injected from ultrasound transmission/reception elements is increased and the flow velocity sensitivity is raised; whereby the measurement accuracy is improved.[Solution] A frequency of an isolated peak of group velocities of guided waves, from among a plurality of peaks of group velocities of guided waves, and a resonance frequency of the ultrasound transmission element/reception element are set to agree; and the semi-amplitude of a power spectrum of ultrasound excited/received by the ultrasound transmission element/reception element is set to a value that does not overlap with another peak of group velocities.
摘要:
In a semiconductor integrated circuit device having plural layers of buried wirings, it is intended to prevent the occurrence of a discontinuity caused by stress migration at an interface between a plug connected at a bottom thereof to a buried wiring and the buried wiring. For example, in the case where the width of a first Cu wiring is not smaller than about 0.9 μm and is smaller than about 1.44 μm, and the width of a second Cu wiring and the diameter of a plug are about 0.18 μm, there are arranged two or more plugs which connect the first wirings and the second Cu wirings electrically with each other.
摘要:
A fabricating method for a system that includes a plurality of processing apparatuses connected to each other by an inter-apparatus transporter and a computer storing managing information of processing and transporting of semiconductor wafers. The processing apparatuses have an interface for loading and unloading a plurality of the semiconductor wafers that are contained in a carrier. The semiconductor waters are processed in processing chambers of the processing apparatuses and the result of processing is monitored. In the processing, a first carrier containing the plurality of the semiconductor wafers having been processed in the first processing apparatus is transported toward the second processing apparatus by the inter-apparatus transporter prior to unloading of a second carrier containing semiconductor wafers processed in the second processing apparatus, according to the managing information.
摘要:
A projection exposure apparatus includes an exposure light source, an illumination system for illuminating a pattern, formed on a first object, with light from the exposure light source and passing through the illumination system, a projection optical system for projecting a pattern, as illuminated with the light, onto a second object for exposure of the same with the pattern, and an interferometer for use in measurement of an optical characteristic of the projection optical system, wherein the interferometer is operable to perform the measurement by use of light from the exposure light source.