摘要:
Asymmetric membrane structures are provided that are suitable for various types of separations, such as separations by reverse osmosis. Methods for making an asymmetric membrane structure are also provided. The membrane structure can include at least one polymer layer. Pyrolysis can be used to convert the polymer layer to a porous carbon structure with a higher ratio of carbon to hydrogen.
摘要:
A pervaporation element includes a ceramic monolith having an array of parallel channels separated by porous channel walls extending along an axial length of the monolith, and a functional membrane coating a first plurality of the porous channel walls along the axial length of the monolith. The functional membrane functions to separate a fluid into a retentate portion and a permeate portion. The porous channel walls coated by the functional membrane define a plurality of discrete through segments, where each of the discrete through segments are separated from one another by a plurality of uncoated porous channel walls. Fluid entering the discrete through segments is separated into a retentate portion that exits in substantial portion through the discrete through segments and a permeate portion that exits the ceramic monolith radially outward through the uncoated porous channel walls and through a skin of the monolith.
摘要:
A process for upgrading a hydrocarbon feedstock containing waxy components and having an end boiling point exceeding 650° F., which includes contacting the feedstock at superatmospheric hydrogen partial pressure with an isomerization dewaxing catalyst that includes ZSM-48 and contacting the feedstock with a hydrocracking catalyst to produce an upgraded product with a reduced wax content. Each catalyst is present in an amount sufficient to reduce the cloud point and the pour point of the feedstock at a conversion of greater than about 10%, and an overall distillate yield of greater than about 10% results from the process.
摘要:
A process for producing monosubstituted monoalkylaromatics from C.sub.8 +n-paraffins-containing feeds, by contacting the feeds with a non-acid catalyst comprising a microporous crystalline material containing tin, indium, thallium or lead, is disclosed.
摘要:
The invention relates to framework gallium containing ultrastable Y having a framework (silica:alumina+gallium oxide) SiO.sub.2 /(Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 +Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3) mole ratio of 18:1 which contains at least 2.2% framework gallium. Moreover, the invention includes use of the framework gallium containing ultrastable Y in hydrocarbon conversion processes, such as reforming, catalytic cracking and aromatization.
摘要翻译:本发明涉及含有至少含有2.2%骨架镓的骨架(二氧化硅:氧化铝+氧化镓)SiO 2 /(Al 2 O 3 + Ga 2 O 3)摩尔比为18:1的框架镓超稳定Y。 此外,本发明包括在烃转化过程如重整,催化裂化和芳构化中使用含有超稳定Y的骨架镓。
摘要:
Diamondoid compounds are concentrated in a solvent mixture containing at least 20% by weight of normal and slightly branched C.sub.5 -C.sub.30 paraffins by selectively converting the paraffins to lower boiling aliphatic hydrocarbons and separating the lower boiling aliphatics from the solvent mixture to yield a concentrated solvent mixture enriched in diamondoid compounds. Useful shape selective catalysts include zeolites having Constraint Indices from about 1 to about 12, such as ZSM-5 and MCM-22.
摘要:
An integrated refining scheme for hydroprocessing high boiling fractions such as gas oil and catalytically cracked cycle oils to produce premium quality distillates, especially jet fuels and naphthas suitable for reforming into high octane gasoline. In addition, unconverted, high boiling fractions suitable for processing by conventional refining techniques into high quality, low pour point lube base stocks are obtained. The integrated hydroprocessing comprises a first stage hydrocracking step employing an aromatic selective hydrocracking catalyst based on a large pore size acidic component such as amorphous alumina or silica alumina or a large pore size zeolite such as zeolite X or zeolite Y. The hydrocracking may be operated either in a naphtha directing mode under conditions of moderate to high severity or under conditions of low to moderate severity to produce a relatively higher proportion of product boiling in the middle distillate range. The unconverted fraction from the hydrocracking step is passed to a second step in which it is hydroprocessed over a zeolite beta catalyst with additional hydrogenation-dehydrogenation functionality. In this stage, the paraffins remaining in the feed are attacked by the zeolite beta to form isoparaffins and conditions may be controlled to favor hydroisomerization over hydrocracking so as to increase the yield of middle distillate product, especially of high isoparaffinic jet fuels and diesel fuel.
摘要:
A process for dewaxing a hydrocarbon feedstock with a relatively high pour point and containing paraffins selected from the group of normal paraffins and slightly branched paraffins and sulfur and nitrogen compounds which comprises subjecting said oil to hydrotreating in a hydrotreating zone operated at hydrotreating conditions sufficient to remove at least a portion of said sulfur and nitrogen compounds and subjecting said hydrotreated oil to catalytic dewaxing by contacting said oil with a catalyst comprising zeolite beta having a silica/alumina ratio of at least 30:1 and a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation component under isomerization conditions.
摘要:
A method for suppressing light gas production in a cracking process by dispersing in the feed low concentrations of a highly siliceous material having high surface area and low acidity prior to cracking. Because of the high surface area-to-volume ratio of the particles, the catalyst acts as a free radical scavenger which reduces the amount of light gas produced by free radical-promoted reactions.
摘要:
Methods for coating a substrate with a coating including an adsorbent material and a binder comprising an organosilica material which is a polymer comprising independent units of Formula [Z3Z4SiCH2]3 (I), wherein each Z3 represents a hydroxyl group, a C1-C4 alkoxy group or an oxygen atom bonded to a silicon atom of another unit or an active site on the substrate and each Z4 represents a hydroxyl group, a C1-C4 alkoxy group, a C1-C4 alkyl group, an oxygen atom bonded to a silicon atom of another unit or an active site on the substrate are provided. Methods of gas separation are also provided.