Abstract:
A tool including a tool body, the tool body including a substrate having a tool-side surface, an intermediate layer positioned over the tool-side surface, and an outer layer positioned over the intermediate layer, the outer layer including a metallic material.
Abstract:
A tool and a method for forming a tool are disclosed. The tool has a base layer additively formed from a polymer material in a desired tool shape. In addition, a sealant layer is formed over an outer surface the base layer. The sealant is a low-modulus material such as a silicone rubber or an elastomer. In one embodiment, the sealant is made electrically conductive by the addition of a filler to the low-modulus material. The filler material may be one of carbon black, carbon fibers, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and metallic whiskers, for example. In another embodiment, the sealant is not electrically conductive and an electrically conductive layer is formed over the sealant layer. Finally, a metallic coating, preferably multilayer, is formed over the sealant layer by electroplating or electrodeposition.
Abstract:
A method for manufacturing a composite may include: selecting an interlayer material having a first distortional-deformation capability; selecting a matrix material having a second distortional-deformation capability, which is less than the first distortional-deformation capability; disposing at least one reinforcing layer, formed of reinforcing fibers of a reinforcing material, and at least one interlayer, formed of a nonwoven fabric of the interlayer material, in an alternating configuration; and infusing the at least one reinforcing layer and the at least one interlayer with the matrix material such that the matrix material flows though the at least one reinforcing layer and the at least one interlayer. Selection of the interlayer material having the first distortional-deformation capability and the matrix material having the second distortional-deformation capability is configured to increase tensile strength of the composite.
Abstract:
Polyimides containing a backbone with at least one nanoparticle component and made from oligomers having endcaps that are difunctional or a mix of di- and monofunctionality are provided. The endcaps may be nadic or phenylethynyl. The backbone may be wholly inorganic or made from a mixture of inorganic and organic groups. The oligomers may be created in-situ using standard polymerization of monomeric reactants chemistry using a solvent or may be provided as a pre-imidized compound that may be either a solid or liquid. It is believed that the nanoparticle component of the polymer backbone provides superior thermo-oxidative stability verses unmodified organic backbones. It is further believed that providing difunctional or a mixture of di- and monofunctional endcaps allows for increased crosslinking to provide improved strength and stiffness verses wholly monofunctional endcapped oligomers for polyimides. The nanoparticle is part of the backbone of the polymer and not solely a pendant group.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a continuous, multicellular, hollow carbon fiber wherein the fiber structure includes a substantially hollow fiber and multiple internal walls defining multiple integral internal hollow fibers such that the fiber structure comprises a honeycomb-like cross section.