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    Polymer dispersed ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal
    41.
    发明授权
    Polymer dispersed ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal 失效
    聚合物分散铁电层状液晶

    公开(公告)号：US5321533A

    公开(公告)日：1994-06-14

    申请号：US950785

    申请日：1992-09-24

    Applicant: Satyendra Kumar

    Inventor： Satyendra Kumar

    IPC: G02F1/1334 ,  G02F1/141 ,  G02F1/13

    CPC classification number: G02F1/141 ,  C09K19/0225 ,  C09K19/544 ,  G02F1/1334

    Abstract: Disclosed is a class of light modulating materials comprising microdomains of ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal dispersed in a light-transmissive polymer medium. The microdomains are formed by phase separation of the liquid crystal from solution with the polymer as the polymer is solidified. The switching of the liquid crystal may be either monostable or multistable (e.g., bistable), depending on the liquid crystal and polymer. The material modulates light in either a scattering-transmissive mode or a birefringence mode. Materials operating in the scattering-transmissive mode do not require polarizers. Advantages of the materials include switching times down to the order of microseconds or less, multistable optical states, wide viewing angles and high contrast.

    Abstract translation: 公开了一类光调制材料，其包含分散在透光聚合物介质中的铁电近晶液晶微畴。 当聚合物固化时，通过聚合物将液晶从溶液中相分离形成微区域。 取决于液晶和聚合物，液晶的转换可以是单稳态的或多态的（例如双稳态）。 该材料以散射透射模式或双折射模式调制光。 以散射透射模式工作的材料不需要偏振器。 材料的优点包括切换时间低于微秒级或更低的数量级，多态光学状态，宽视角和高对比度。

    Application-Aware Recording and Replay
    43.
    发明申请
    Application-Aware Recording and Replay 有权
    应用感知记录和重播

    公开(公告)号：US20100095265A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-04-15

    申请号：US12251242

    申请日：2008-10-14

    Applicant: Douglas Curtis Ewing ,  Satyendra Kumar ,  Cheranellore Vasudevan

    Inventor： Douglas Curtis Ewing ,  Satyendra Kumar ,  Cheranellore Vasudevan

    IPC: G06F17/30

    CPC classification number: G06F17/30368 ,  G06F11/3612 ,  G06F11/3692

    Abstract: In one illustrative embodiment, a computer-implemented method for application-aware recording and replay of changes is provided. The computer implemented method executes an application in a source system to form a first domain context, and generates recorded information objects from the application in the first domain context. The computer-implemented method selects a target system having a second domain context, and replays the recorded information objects on the target system to form new information objects in the second domain context. The new information objects are returned to a requester.

    Abstract translation: 在一个说明性实施例中，提供了用于应用感知记录和重放改变的计算机实现的方法。 计算机实现的方法在源系统中执行应用以形成第一域上下文，并且在第一域上下文中从应用生成记录的信息对象。 计算机实现的方法选择具有第二域上下文的目标系统，并且在目标系统上重放所记录的信息对象以在第二域上下文中形成新的信息对象。 新的信息对象返回给请求者。

    Plasma-assisted gas production
    46.
    发明授权
    Plasma-assisted gas production 失效
    等离子体辅助天然气生产

    公开(公告)号：US07497922B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-03-03

    申请号：US10513220

    申请日：2003-05-07

    Applicant: Satyendra Kumar ,  Devendra Kumar

    Inventor： Satyendra Kumar ,  Devendra Kumar

    IPC: H05H1/00

    CPC classification number: C01B3/342 ,  B01J19/088 ,  B01J19/126 ,  B01J2219/0809 ,  B01J2219/083 ,  B01J2219/0835 ,  B01J2219/0869 ,  B01J2219/0886 ,  B01J2219/0892 ,  C01B2203/04 ,  C01B2203/0861 ,  C01B2203/1041 ,  H05H1/46 ,  H05H2001/4607

    Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for plasma-assisted gas production. In one embodiment, a gas, which includes at least one atomic or molecular species, can flow into a cavity (305). The gas can be subjected to electromagnetic radiation having a frequency less than about 333 GHz (optionally in the presence of a plasma catalyst) such that a plasma (310) forms in the cavity (305). A filter (315) capable of passing the atomic or molecular species, but preventing others from passing, can be in fluid communication with the cavity (305). In this way, the selected species can be extracted and collected, for storage or immediate use.

    Abstract translation: 提供了等离子体辅助气体生产的方法和装置。 在一个实施方案中，包括至少一种原子或分子种类的气体可以流入空腔（305）。 气体可以经受频率小于约333GHz的电磁辐射（任选在存在等离子体催化剂的情况下），使得在空腔（305）中形成等离子体（310）。 能够使原子或分子物质通过但防止其他物质通过的过滤器（315）可以与空腔（305）流体连通。 以这种方式，可以提取和收集所选择的物种，用于储存或立即使用。

    Plasma-assisted formation of carbon structures
    47.
    发明授权
    Plasma-assisted formation of carbon structures 失效
    等离子体辅助形成碳结构

    公开(公告)号：US07445817B2

    公开(公告)日：2008-11-04

    申请号：US10513309

    申请日：2003-05-07

    Applicant: Satyendra Kumar ,  Devendra Kumar

    Inventor： Satyendra Kumar ,  Devendra Kumar

    IPC: H05H1/24

    CPC classification number: B82Y10/00 ,  H05H1/46 ,  H05H2001/4607

    Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for igniting, modulating, and sustaining a plasma for synthesizing carbon structures. In one embodiment, a method is provided for synthesizing a carbon structure including forming a plasma by subjecting a gas to electromagnetic radiation in the presence of a plasma catalyst and adding at least one carbonaceous material to the plasma to grow the carbon structures on a substrate. Various types of plasma catalysts are also provided.

    Abstract translation: 提供了用于点燃，调节和维持用于合成碳结构的等离子体的方法和装置。 在一个实施方案中，提供了一种用于合成碳结构的方法，包括通过在等离子体催化剂存在下对气体进行电磁辐射而形成等离子体，并向等离子体中加入至少一种碳质材料以使基底上的碳结构生长。 还提供了各种类型的等离子体催化剂。

    Biaxial liquid crystal electro-optic devices
    48.
    发明申请
    Biaxial liquid crystal electro-optic devices 失效
    双轴液晶电光器件

    公开(公告)号：US20070108408A1

    公开(公告)日：2007-05-17

    申请号：US11508526

    申请日：2006-08-23

    Applicant: Satyendra Kumar

    Inventor： Satyendra Kumar

    IPC: C09K19/34 ,  C09K19/20 ,  C09K19/52 ,  G02F1/1335

    CPC classification number: C09K19/02 ,  C09K19/348 ,  C09K19/406 ,  G02F1/0045 ,  G02F1/0063 ,  G02F1/1393 ,  G02F2202/40 ,  Y10T428/10 ,  Y10T428/1036

    Abstract: An electro-optical device including a biaxial liquid crystal having a primary and secondary director is provided. A change in orientation of at least one of the directors due to an applied electric field produces a change in the optical state of the device. Response times are increased dramatically over uniaxial nematic based liquid crystal devices, offering improved performance and efficiency.

    Abstract translation: 提供了包括具有初级和次级导向器的双轴液晶的电光装置。 由于施加的电场导致的至少一个导向器的取向的变化产生装置的光学状态的变化。 单轴向列型液晶装置的响应时间显着增加，提高了性能和效率。

    Plasma-assisted melting
    50.
    发明授权
    Plasma-assisted melting 失效
    等离子体辅助熔化

    公开(公告)号：US07189940B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-03-13

    申请号：US10449600

    申请日：2003-06-02

    Applicant: Satyendra Kumar ,  Devendra Kumar

    Inventor： Satyendra Kumar ,  Devendra Kumar

    IPC: B23K10/00

    CPC classification number: C21B13/125 ,  C21C5/5205 ,  C22B4/005 ,  C22B4/08 ,  C22B9/226 ,  F27D7/06 ,  F27D99/0006 ,  F27D2099/0026 ,  H01J37/32009 ,  H01J37/32192 ,  H01J37/32366 ,  H01J2237/0206 ,  H01J2237/33 ,  H01J2237/336 ,  H01J2237/338 ,  H05B6/6402 ,  H05B6/78 ,  H05B6/784 ,  H05H1/46 ,  H05H2001/4607 ,  Y02P10/214 ,  Y02P10/216 ,  Y10S588/90

    Abstract: Apparatus and methods for plasma-assisted melting are provided. In one embodiment, a plasma-assisted melting method can include: (1) adding a solid to a melting region, (2) forming a plasma in a cavity by subjecting a gas to electromagnetic radiation having a frequency less than about 333 GHz in the presence of a plasma catalyst, wherein the cavity has a wall, (3) sustaining the plasma in the cavity such that energy from the plasma passes through the wall into the melting region and melts the solid into a liquid, and (4) collecting the liquid. Solids that can be melted consistent with this invention can include metals, such as metal ore and scrap metal. Various plasma catalysts are also provided.

    Abstract translation: 提供了等离子体辅助熔化的装置和方法。 在一个实施方案中，等离子体辅助熔化方法可以包括：（1）向熔融区域添加固体，（2）通过使气体在频率小于约333GHz的电磁辐射下在空腔中形成等离子体 存在等离子体催化剂，其中空腔具有壁，（3）在空腔中维持等离子体，使得来自等离子体的能量通过壁进入熔融区域并将固体熔融成液体，以及（4）收集 液体。 可以熔融的与本发明一致的固体可以包括金属，例如金属矿和废金属。 还提供了各种等离子体催化剂。

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