摘要:
The invention concerns an illumination system, comprising a radiation source and a fluorescent material comprising at least one phosphor capable of absorbing a part of light emitted by the radiation source and emitting light of wavelength different from that of the absorbed light; wherein said at least one phosphor is a yellow red-emitting cerium-activated carbido-nitridosilicate of general formula (RE1−z)2−aEAaSi4N6+aC1−a:CeZ, wherein 0≦a
摘要:
Insulated electrical conductor for telecommunications cable in which two layers of insulation are provided. The inner of the two layers is a solid non-cellular construction and the outer layer is cellular. The nominal mutual capacitance between the conductor and an identical conductor is at a desired nominal value of 83 nanofarads/mile value between conductors above a desired minimum value while having an outside diameter across the insulation which is less than for a conductor of the same gauge which provides the same mutual capacitance and has a solid insulation of the same material as the inner layer.
摘要:
The invention relates to a light emitting device comprising a light source, especially a LED, and a luminescent material, which is a ceramic multiphase material essentially of the composition M2−zCezSi5−x−y−(z−z1)Ay+(z−z1)N8−4x−y+z1O4x+y−z1. This material has been found to have a composition of at least two phases, which leads to a better producibility as well as photostability and conversion efficiency.
摘要:
A semiconductor structure including a light emitting layer disposed between an n-type region and a p-type region is attached to a compound substrate including a host which provides mechanical support to the device and a ceramic layer including a luminescent material. In some embodiments the compound substrate includes a crystalline seed layer on which the semiconductor structure is grown. The ceramic layer is disposed between the seed layer and the host. In some embodiments, the compound substrate is attached to the semiconductor structure after growth of the structure on a conventional growth substrate. In some embodiments, the compound substrate is spaced apart from the semiconductor structure and does not provide mechanical support to the structure. In some embodiments, the ceramic layer has a thickness less than 500 μm.
摘要:
A ceramic body is disposed in a path of light emitted by a light source. The light source may include a semiconductor structure comprising a light emitting region disposed between an n-type region and a p-type region. The ceramic body includes a plurality of first grains configured to absorb light emitted by the light source and emit light of a different wavelength, and a plurality of second grains. For example, the first grains may be grains of luminescent material and the second grains may be grains of a luminescent material host matrix without activating dopant.
摘要:
An arrangement for emitting mixed light (5) comprising primary and secondary radiation (51, 52, 53) in a mean direction of emission (5), comprising at least one first electroluminescent light-source (21) for emitting first primary radiation (51) having a maximum intensity at a first wavelength, at least one second electroluminescent light-source (22) for emitting second primary radiation (52) having a maximum intensity at a second wavelength greater than the first wavelength, and a light-converting element (3) for absorbing at least one of the primary radiations (52, 53) and re-emitting the secondary radiation (53), which light-converting element (3) is so arranged that the entire proportion of primary radiation (51, 52) in the mixed light passes through the light-converting element (3), and that the light-converting element (3) comprises a ceramic light-converting material whose microstructure is selected to be such that the color point of the mixed light (5) comprising primary and second radiation is substantially independent of the angle of viewing (B).
摘要:
Light-emitting devices are disclosed that comprise a light source emitting first light, a first material substantially transparent to and located to receive at least a portion of the first light, and particles of a second material dispersed in the first material. The second material has an index of refraction greater than an index of refraction of the first material at a wavelength of the first light. The particles of the second material have diameters less than about this wavelength. Particles of a third material may also be dispersed in the first material.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling operating characteristic quantities of an internal combustion engine. For issuing an uncorrected anticipatory control value, a characteristic field is addressed by directing pregiven operating characteristic quantities as addresses and, with a simultaneously superposed control, an averaged value of the control factor is applied to the anticipatory control region for effecting an adaptive learning procedure. From the averaged control factor, a global factor is defined which works multiplicatively on the entire basic characteristic field. This considers especially multiplicative disturbance influences. Also, by means of a dividing of the self-adaptive characteristic field into a non-changeable basic characteristic field and into at least one further changeable factor characteristic field corresponding thereto, each basic value is multiplied within a pregiven influence region by means of the associated factor of the factor characteristic field whereby mostly additive disturbing influences are considered. Global factor and the particular factor from the factor characteristic field can conjointly work upon the control value issued by the basic characteristic field.
摘要:
Temperature monitoring of electrically conductive wire during heating in which the current in the wire in the heating zone is measured and the voltage at the downstream end portion of the zone is measured, signals corresponding to the measured values then being combined to produce a resultant signal corresponding to the resistance of the wire at the downstream end portion of the heating zone. The resistance value corresponds to the temperature of the heated wire. Apparatus includes current and voltage measuring means located in the appropriate positions to enable temperature monitoring, and means to combine voltage signals which correspond to the measured values and to produce a combined signal representative of wire resistance after heating.
摘要:
Omission of a pulse in an otherwise regular pulse sequence, such as may be produced by omission of a tooth of a rotating gear that is used to generate a pulse sequence through a pick-up, is utilized after the manner of a special framing pulse, saving the complications of providing a framing pulse, especially in gasoline engine ignition timing. A counter is started with the beginning of every pulse of the sequence and is operated at a multiple of the sequence frequency. If the frequency varies, the count status when the next pulse arrives will vary slightly and this variation may be caused to change the initial condition for the beginning of each count cycle to keep the repetitive counting generally in step with the varying frequency. When a pulse of the sequence is skipped, however, the repetitive counter goes into a range of content states well beyond those produced by frequency variation and a decoding stage with an appropriate threshold value stored therein gives an indication that a pulse has been missed, which prepares a response to the next pulse which will produce a timing reference signal instead of a correction to the circuits following the frequency of the observed pulse sequence. The latter and also an engine load sensor address an ROM to provide the timing angle signal.