Abstract:
First and second like resistances are serially connected across a reactance element. Where the reactance element is a capacitor, a constant voltage is applied to first one terminal and then to the other terminal of the capacitor such that the capacitor discharges and charges first in one direction and then in the opposite direction through the respective resistances. When the reactance element is an inductance, a constant voltage is applied to the inductance and the two resistances in a manner to alternately reverse the direction of flow of current through the inductance. A sawtooth wave is produced when the waveforms appearing at each terminal of the reactance element are summed together.
Abstract:
A delta modulation system for encoding and decoding an analog input signal. The encoder includes a comparator to generate an encoded digital signal representing the analog input signal and a duty cycle circuit to represent the slope of the analog input signal. The decoder utilizes a similar duty cycle circuit which operates on the encoded digital signal received in order to translate the encoded signal into an analog output signal.
Abstract:
Apparatus for sensing when the liquid in a tank falls below, or rises to, a predetermined level includes a plug mounted in the wall of the tank at the predetermined level. A reference semiconductor device is mounted in the plug with thermal coupling to the tank, and thus also to the liquid in the tank. A levelsensing semiconductor device and a series resistor are mounted in the plug with thermal coupling to the interior of the tank and to liquid when present at the predetermined level. A source of potential is connected to supply a current through a resistor to the reference semiconductor device, and to the level-sensing semiconductor and series resistor. A differential comparator has individual inputs connected across the respective semiconductor devices, and has an output connected to a level limit indicator such as a lamp or buzzer.
Abstract:
Cathode-ray tube comprising an evacuated envelope including a viewing window and a viewing screen comprised of a mosaic of phosphor areas of different emission colors supported on the inner surface of the viewing window. Closely spaced from the screen is a shadow mask having two opposed major surfaces and an array of apertures therein registered with the phosphor areas of said screen. At least one of the major surfaces of the mask and the inner surface of said screen have surface means for effecting faster radiative heat transfer from the central portion of the mask than from peripheral portions of the mask.
Abstract:
A digital vertical deflection rate synchronization system includes a source of clock pulses which drives a divide-by-525 counter and a serial-to-parallel shift register. An incoming low frequency signal such as that obtained from the sync separator stage of a television receiver is scanned at the clock rate to determine whether it exhibits the width characteristic of the vertical sync signal. If the incoming signal does not, the vertical deflection sawtooth generator is synchronized by a pulse derived from the divide-by-525 counter. If the incoming signal does exhibit the vertical sync pulse width characteristic, it is allowed to reset the divide-by-525 counter. In the event that the divide-by-525 counter is reset before it has passed a synchronizing pulse to the vertical deflection sawtooth generator, an overscan limit control circuit senses the collapsing vertical deflection yoke field and creates a vertical deflection synchronizing pulse.
Abstract:
The matrix comprises a highly polished degenerately doped silicon single crystal substrate having a layer of an inorganic dielectric thereon and a pattern of grooves in the dielectric coating, exposing the silicon surface.
Abstract:
A thin, discontinuous film of a catalyst is deposited on a surface to be plated. The surface is rinsed with a solution which includes a wetting agent for the surface, and is then electrolessly plated with a metal.
Abstract:
A photomask which comprises a transparent, smooth glass plate and a pattern of opaque, light-absorbing areas of oxides of cobalt on a surface of the plate is obtained by sequentially coating the glass plate with layers of cobalt and a photoresist, exposing the photoresist, developing the photoresist to expose areas of cobalt, etching away the exposed areas of cobalt, and heating the remaining areas of cobalt in the presence of oxgen to convert the same to cobalt oxides.
Abstract:
A method of achieving semiconductor substrates having similar surface resistivity comprises implanting ions into semiconductor substrates of very high resistivity and then, preferably, subjecting the substrates to a drive-in diffusion. This method can be utilized in the manufacture of CMOS integrated circuits to achieve transistors having closely matched threshold voltages.
Abstract:
A wire of a soft metal, such as gold, silver, or copper, can be ultrasonically bonded to a base metal substrate by coating the wire with a thin layer of an alloy of nickel-phosphorus, coating the substrate with a relatively thicker layer of an alloy of cobalt-phosphorus, and applying ultrasonic vibratory energy between the coated wire and the coated substrate. A portion of the thin layer of the nickel-phosphorus is worn away during the application of the ultrasonic vibratory energy, and the wire is bonded directly to the relatively thicker layer of cobaltphosphorus.