摘要:
Adaptive equalization methods and adaptive equalizers used with precoded systems dominated by intersymbol interference (ISI) monitor the output of a DFE and compare it to a reference for updating a precoder in response to the comparison. To accomplish this, an adaptive equalizer includes a feed forward equalizer receiving a signal from a communication channel, the feed forward equalizer equalizing variations in pre-cursor intersymbol interference resulting from changes in characteristics of the channel and providing an output signal to an error correction decoder, a decision circuit, coupled to the feed forward equalizer, for generating error vectors in response to the output signal of the feed forward equalizer and a decision feedback equalizer, coupled to the decision circuit, the decision feedback equalizer monitoring the pre-cursor intersymbol interference of the channel, determining when the transmitter coefficients to the precoder warrant updating, and generating a signal indicating that an update to the transmitter coefficients to the precoder is warranted. The adaptive equalizer farther includes a comparison circuit, the comparison circuit receiving an output from the decision feedback equalizer and comparing the output from the decision feedback equalizer to a reference, the comparison circuit generating the signal indicating that an update to the transmitter coefficients to the precoder is warranted in response to the comparison.
摘要:
An echo canceller which cancels an echo by generating a replica of echo from the transmit data when the signal from the transmit line appears as an echo signal on the receive line, and subtracting the replica of echo from the echo signal in a circuit for connecting a transmit line and receive line to the full duplex transmission line through a hybrid circuit. The echo canceller for generating a replica of echo is composed of the first circuit which generates a replica of echo of limited length and a second circuit in which generates a replica of echo for eliminating the residual echo that is not cancelled by the first circuit.
摘要:
According to an embodiment of the disclosure, a communication transmitter and receiver include an adaptive filter and a decision feedback equalizer as well as cross-talk cancellers. The adaptive filter is configured to receive an input signal and includes a continuous analog delay circuit with a plurality of Padé-based delay elements.
摘要:
A light-emitting device combining a first luminous flux control member having a total reflection surface and emitting light from an emission surface in a narrow angle range centered mainly on an optical axis, and a second luminous flux control member arranged to surround the total reflection surface of the first luminous flux control member. The second luminous flux control member (102) of the light-emitting device is provided with a second incidence surface (126a) and a second emitting surface (126b). Of the light emitted from the light-emitting element (200), the light incident to the second incidence surface (126a) is within a range of angles θ larger than a largest angle to the optical axis of the light incident to the first luminous flux control member (101). The second emitting surface (126b) controls the light incident to the second incidence surface (126a) to have light distribution characteristics different from those of the light emitted from the first luminous flux control member (101), and emits the light.
摘要:
A light emitting device that can reduce the illuminance unevenness on an illuminated surface. First light flux controlling member 103 controls the distribution of light emitted from light emitting element 102. Second light flux controlling member 105 has second incidence surface 201 onto which the light emitted from first light flux controlling member 103 is incident and second emission surface 202 that is located on a side opposite to second incidence surface 201 and emits the light incident from second incidence surface 201. Also, at least one surface of second incidence surface 201 and second emission surface 202 refracts the light having an optical path on a virtual cross-section including optical axis P1 of light emitting element 102 and being incident onto second incidence surface 201 or second emission surface 202 more to the optical axis P1 side than when being incident onto a plane perpendicular to optical axis P1.
摘要:
In a surface light source device (1), a positive reflective region (23) of a reflective member (20) that is disposed on the bottom surface (4) of a housing (2) reflects light output by a light emitting device (14) toward a direction away from the light emitting device (14). As a result, the brightness of the light in the proximity of the light emitting device (14) of the surface shaped illuminating light output by a light emitting surface member (3) can be suppressed, and the brightness of light of a central part (position furthest away from the light emitting device (14)) of the surface shaped illuminating light output by the light emitting surface member (3) can be increased.
摘要:
The present invention effectively cancels echo, near-end crosstalk and far-end crosstalk. A FEXT canceller is placed at the transmitter rather than at the receiver according to an aspect of the invention. In some embodiment, a FEXT canceller can be placed at the receiver only or the combination of both ends. The FEXT canceller is continuously adapted with information sent back from a remote receiver and with data from a neighbor transmitter that causes the crosstalk at the remote receiver. This allows the FEXT canceller to quickly adapt to a change in crosstalk function or conditions with the surrounding environment, for example, aging, temperature, humidity, physical pressure, etc. In some embodiments, an adaptation control signal is sent back from the receiver to the transmitter by using an overhead bit in the frame format. In some embodiments, part of the FEXT canceller is built-in at the remote receiver.
摘要:
A lighting device preventing an illumination variation on a surface to be irradiated. The lighting device has a first light emitting surface section (102a) which is a surface formed by rotating a bus with a central axis as a rotation axis in a first angle area (−θ1≦θ≦θ1) of an angle (θ) relative to a cross section of the bus which is an intersection line with the cross section perpendicular to a surface (801a) to be irradiated and including the central axis of a lighting lens (100), a second light emitting surface section (102b) formed in a second angle area (θ1≦θ≦180° and −180°≦θ≦−θ1) of the angle (θ) so that a light flux emitted toward the surface (801a) increases as compared with the case where the first light emitting surface section (102a) is formed in a whole-angle area (0°≦θ
摘要:
A light emitting device that can reduce the illuminance unevenness on an illuminated surface. First light flux controlling member 103 controls the distribution of light emitted from light emitting element 102. Second light flux controlling member 105 has second incidence surface 201 onto which the light emitted from first light flux controlling member 103 is incident and second emission surface 202 that is located on a side opposite to second incidence surface 201 and emits the light incident from second incidence surface 201. Also, at least one surface of second incidence surface 201 and second emission surface 202 refracts the light having an optical path on a virtual cross-section including optical axis P1 of light emitting element 102 and being incident onto second incidence surface 201 or second emission surface 202 more to the optical axis P1 side than when being incident onto a plane perpendicular to optical axis P1.
摘要:
A method of digitally controlling a timing recovery loop to control jitter and reduce word-length in a recovered clock is provided. A timing error detector provides an output identifying the error sign. First and second randomizing digital attenuators provide first and second estimates of the phase error in a timing signal. A controller receives the first estimate and provides a signal to an NCO. An output from the NCO provides feedback to the error detector to complete a first order feedback loop, providing a first estimate phase error compensation. An integrator receives the second estimate and provides an output estimate for frequency offset of the timing signal that is received by the controller and the sign and magnitude of the integrated phase error are calibrated to provide a frequency offset. The controller determines a number of additional updates to the NCO required to minimize jitter and reduce word-length.