Abstract:
Disclosed is a service area expansion method and a method of processing calls between service areas in a mobile communication system adopting a CDMA system like a DCS (digital cellular system) or a PCS (personal communication system), in which a reference clock is delayed and an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) of a plurality of CSMs (cell site modems) in a base station is controlled using such a delayed reference clock so as to expand service area by each CSM ASIC unit, and a handoff area is positioned between expanded service areas so as to perform a normal call processing. A base station of a CDMA mobile communication system is provided with a plurality of CSM ASICs having the same configuration and a delayed reference clock is fed to each CSM ASIC, thus expanding service area. Such a communication service may be provided to the coastal area where a base station is easily installed. A need to install a base station to the wide area having small subscribers is eliminated, decreasing a cost for base station installation.
Abstract:
A trench-type insulated gate bipolar transistor in which a channel stop region is partially formed between an n-type high-concentration emitter region and a p-type base region in which a conductive channel is to be formed. The channel stop region is doped with p-type impurities at high concentration. A portion of the emitter region directly contact the base region, and the other portion has the channel stop region disposed between itself and the base region without directly contacting the base region. At the portion where the channel stop region is interposed, an electron current from the emitter region does not flow vertically into a drift region, but horizontally moves to a direct contacts portion between the emitter region and the base region and then vertically flows to the drift region via the conductive channel. The horizontally-flowing electron current within the emitter region causes a voltage drop, thus reducing the voltage difference at the junction between the emitter region and the base region. Therefore, a latch-up phenomenon, in which a parasitic thyristor is turned on, is suppressed.
Abstract:
A reference voltage generating circuit generates a reference voltage by using a voltage difference of a PMOS transistor, to thereby exclude the reliability of a back-bias voltage. The reference voltage generating circuit includes a reference voltage generating unit which generates a first reference voltage with respect to a power supply voltage, and a level converting unit which converts the first reference voltage applied from the reference voltage generating unit to a second reference voltage with respect to a ground voltage.
Abstract:
Power semiconductor devices having discontinuous emitter regions therein include a semiconductor substrate containing therein a collector region of second conductivity type, a buffer region of first conductivity type which forms a first P-N junction with the collector region and a drift region of first conductivity type which forms a non-rectifying junction with the buffer region. A base region of second conductivity type is also provided in the drift region and forms a second P-N junction therewith. In addition, a base contact region of second conductivity type is provided in the base region of second conductivity type. The base contact region typically has a much higher second conductivity type doping concentration therein than the base region. A preferred emitter region is also provided in the substrate. This preferred emitter region comprises an emitter contact region which is entirely surrounded in the substrate by the highly doped base contact region and a carrier emitting region. This emitter contact region may comprise the central portion of an S, H or C-shaped emitter or one side of an L-shaped emitter. An insulated gate electrode is also provided. The insulated gate electrode provides turn-on and turn-off control by enabling the formation of a highly conductive inversion-layer channel of first conductivity type in the base region. This inversion-layer channel electrically connects the carrier emitting region to the drift region. A first electrode is also electrically coupled to the base contact region and the emitter contact region, and a second electrode is electrically coupled to the collector region.
Abstract:
Methods of forming power semiconductor devices include the steps of forming a relatively highly doped latch-up inhibiting region to suppress the likelihood of parasitic thyristor latch-up in a power semiconductor device such as an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT). In particular, an insulated-gate bipolar transistor is formed by patterning an insulated gate electrode on a surface of a drift region and then implanting first dopants of second conductivity type (e.g., P-type) at a first depth into the drift region, using the gate electrode as an implant mask. The implanted first dopants are then diffused using a thermal treatment to form a base region (e.g., P- well region). Second dopants of second conductivity type are then implanted into the base region at a second depth, less than the first depth, using the insulated gate electrode as a mask. Third dopants of first conductivity type (e.g., N-type) are also implanted into the base region at a third depth, less than the second depth, using the insulated gate electrode as an implant mask. These opposite conductivity type dopants are then simultaneously diffused laterally and vertically in the base region to define a relatively wide and highly doped latch-up inhibiting region (e.g., P-type) and at least one source region disposed between the latch-up inhibiting region and the surface of the drift region. By implanting the second and third dopants using the same implant mask and then diffusing these dopants simultaneously and for the same duration, a latch-up inhibiting region can be formed as wide in the base region as the at least one source region, when the regions are viewed in transverse cross-section. This inhibits the likelihood that the P-N junction at the edge of the at least one source region will become forward biased during high forward current conduction.
Abstract:
A Vbb generator having several distributed Vbb generators, which are located respectively adjacent to memory array blocks is disclosed. The distributed Vbb generator is activated during the time when a memory block located adjacent the Vbb generator is accessed for write/read operations. The back bias voltage generator circuit has a first Vbb generator and a second Vbb generator for supplying a back bias voltage to the substrate. The second Vbb generator comprises an oscillator for generating a clock pulse and a plurality of distributed Vbb generators. The distributed Vbb generators include an auxiliary pumping portion including a buffer portion for buffering the clock pulse from the oscillator, a pumping capacitor connected to the output of the buffer portion for pumping a back bias voltage, and a rectifying portion connected to the pumping capacitor for supplying the back bias voltage to the substrate, and a switch for connecting the clock pulse from the oscillator to the auxiliary pumping portion, the clock pulse activating a pumping operation of the auxiliary pumping portion.
Abstract:
A fluoride phosphor includes fluoride particles represented by AxMFy:Mnz4+ where A is at least one selected from lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), and cesium (Cs), M is at least one selected from silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), germanium (Ge) and tin (Sn), a compositional ratio x of A satisfies 2≦x≦3, and a compositional ratio y of F satisfies 4≦y≦7; and an organic material physically adsorbed onto surfaces of the fluoride particles to allow the fluoride particles to have hydrophobicity. The fluoride particles have a concentration of Mn4+ gradually reduced from respective centers to respective surfaces of the fluoride particles.
Abstract:
An alignment film includes a first pre-tilt functional group, a second pre-tilt functional group and a first vertical alignment functional group, which are linked to polysiloxane on a substrate. The first vertical alignment functional group includes a cyclic compound and is aligned substantially perpendicularly to the substrate. The first pre-tilt functional group is cross-linked to the second pre-tilt functional group and tilted with respect to the substrate.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a radiation sensitivity-enhancing composition in which a microRNA-21 inhibitor acts as an active ingredient. The microRNA-21 inhibitor is an antisense nucleic acid molecule binding complementarily to microRNA-21. The composition can be administered to a patient in conjunction with irradiation. The inhibitor can act as a radiosensitizer, enhancing the therapeutic effect of such irradiation on cancer high in microRNA-21 expression level, particularly, glioma.
Abstract:
The present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for searching an image, and to a computer-readable recording medium for executing the method. The apparatus for searching an image of the present disclosure obtains features of an input image; and obtains words that correspond to the features respectively and an adjacent word that is adjacent to the words corresponding to the features. When a word is assigned to a first word cell of a plurality of word cells that are included in a visual feature space, an adjacent word is assigned to at least one second word cell that is adjacent to the first word cell, where the plurality of word cells is assigned to different words, and at least one word being within a predetermined distance from a word is designated as the adjacent word. The apparatus is further configured to search for an image that is identical or similar to the input image based on information associated with a first group of images corresponding to the word and information associated with a second group of images corresponding to the adjacent word, the information on the first and second groups of images being stored in a database.